Basics of Biblical Greek Chapters 31-36 Review 7

Chapters 31-36 Review #7 Grammar 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. What is the basic significance of tenses in non-indicative moods? Aspect. (Not time) What are the two ways a subjunctive verb is used in independent clauses? a. Hortatory subjunctive. (E.g., ÒLet us pray.Ó) b. Deliberative subjunctive. (E.g., ÒWhat should we eat?Ó) What are the two ways a subjunctive verb is used in dependent clauses? a. i{na clauses. (E.g., ÒI am studying in order that I may learn.Ó) b. Certain types of conditional clauses. What are the two kinds of third class conditional sentences? How can you tell them apart? a. Present general. Uses the present indicative in the apodosis." Context indicates that there is an axiomatic truth in the protasis (the ÒifÓ part). b. Future more probable. Can use any tense or mood in the apodosis, including the present indicative." Context indicates that the protasis is a likely occurrence rather than an axiomatic truth. How do you translate the following prepositions when they are used with an articular infinitive? a. diav Ð ÒBecauseÓ b. eijV Ð ÒIn order thatÓ c. provV Ð ÒIn order thatÓ What are the three ways in which you can indicate purpose with an infinitive? a. 7. Articular infinitive preceded by eijV or provV b. Articular infinitive with the article in the genitive. c. Infinitive without either an article or a preposition. What are the five ways to state a prohibition and other types of negation, and what are the nuances of each? a. ouj with the indicative, or mhv with a non-indicative form (other than those below). This is simple negation. b. mhv plus the present imperative. The present tense prohibits continuous actions. c. mhv plus the aorist imperative. The aorist tense prohibits undefined actions. d. mhv plus the aorist subjunctive. This prohibits an undefined action more strongly than (a) above. e. ouj mhv plus the aorist subjunctive is the strongest negation, and denies that there is any possibility of the event.1 1 This construction is relevant to a current theological debate. John 13:38 uses this construction to deny that there is any possibility that a rooster would crow before Peter denied Jesus three times; it thereby portrays Jesus as claiming definite (not probabilistic) foreknowledge about an event that was apparently contingent on future free-will acts. !88 Review #7 8. ! 89 What are the five mi verb rules? a. mi verbs reduplicate their initial stem letter to form the present," and separate the reduplicated consonant with an iota. (E.g., *do ↠ dido) b. mi verbs do not ordinarily use a connecting (i.e., ÒthematicÓ) vowel in the indicative. c. mi verbs employ three different personal endings in the present active." (I.e., mi, V, si, men, te, asi instead of Ð, s, i, men, te, nsi) d. The stem vowel of mi verbs can lengthen, shorten, or drop out (ablaut). e. Most of the mi verbs use ka as their tense formative in the aorist. Parsing 1. poivhsqe poievw Second Person Plural Present Middle or Passive Subjunctive Òyou would be making for yourself / you would be being madeÓ Present Active Infinitive Òto be believingÓ 2. pisteuvein pisteuvw 3. e[rchtai e[rcomai Third Person Singular Present Deponent Subjunctive Òhe/she/it would be comingÓ 4. gra:yai gravfw Aorist Active Infinitive / Second Person Singular Aorist Middle Imperative Òto write / write for yourself!Ó 5. krinevtwsan krivnw Third Person Plural Present Active Imperative Òthey must be judgingÓ 6. e[lqwmen e[rcomai First Person Plural Aorist Active Subjunctive Òlet us comeÓ 7. divdwsi divdwmi Third Person Singular Present Active Indicative Òhe/she/it is givingÓ 8. ajpestavlqai ajpostevllw Perfect Middle or Passive Infinitive Òto have sent for oneself / to have been sentÓ 9. devdwken divdwmi Third Person Singular Perfect Active Indicative Òhe/she/it has givenÓ 10. parakavlesai parakalevw Aorist Active Infinitive / Second Person Singular Aorist Middle Imperative Òto call / call for yourself!Ó 11. tivqemen tivqhmi First Person Plural Present Active Indicative Òwe are puttingÓ 12. iJsta:sai i{sthmi Present Active Participle Feminine Plural Nominative Òones standingÓ Translation: Matthew 13:1-23 13:1 In that day after he went out of the house Jesus was sitting beside the sea; 13:2 and a great crowd gathered to him so that after getting into a boat to sit down, the whole crowd had stood on the beach. 13:3 And he told them many things in parables, saying, ÒBehold the one sowing went out to sow. 13:4 And while he was sowing, some fell beside the road, and the birds came and consumed them. 13:5 But other seed fell on the rocky ground where it did not have much soil, and immediately it sprang up because it did not have deep soil; 13:6 and after the sun rose it was scorched, and it dried up because it did not have root. 13:7 But other seed fell among the thorns, and they choked them. 13:8 But other seed fell on the good soil, and it was giving fruit, some one hundred, some sixty, and some thirty. 13:9 The one having ears must hear! 13:10 And after the disciples came to him, they asked him, ÒWhy are you speaking to them in parables?Ó 13:11 And he answered and said to them, ÒTo you has been given to know the mysteries of the Kingdom of Heaven, but to them it has not been given. 13:12 For whoever has, it will be given to him and he will have more than enough. But to whoever is not having, even what he has will be taken away from him. 13:13 For this reason I am speaking to them in parables, because 90 ! Review #7 while seeing they are not seeing and while hearing they are not hearing and not understanding, 13:14 and the prophesy of Isaiah is fulfilled in them, saying, Hearing you will hear and certainly not understand," And seeing you will see and certainly not see. 13:15 For the heart of this people became dull," and their ears heard with difficulty," and they closed their eyes, lest they would see with the eyes" and hear with the ears" and understand with the heart and turn back" and I would heal them. 13:16 But your eyes are blessed because they are seeing, and your ears because they are hearing. 13:17 For truly I am saying to you that many prophets and righteous people desired to see what you are seeing and they did not see, and to hear what you are hearing and they did not hear. 13:18 Therefore, hear the parable of the one sowing. 13:19 When the ones hearing the word of the Kingdom and are not understanding it, the evil one comes and snatches the thing that was sown in his heart, this is the thing that was sown beside the road. 13:20 And regarding the thing that was sown on the rocky soil, this is the one who is hearing the word and immediately receiving it with joy, 13:21 but it does not have root in itself but instead is temporary, and when suffering or persecution occurs on account of the word immediately he falls away. 13:22 And the one that was sown into the thorns, this is the one hearing the word, and the worry of the age and the deceitfulness of wealth chokes the word and it becomes unfruitful. 13:23 But the one that was sown on the good soil is the one hearing the word and understanding it, who indeed also produces a crop, some one hundred, others sixty, and others thirty.!