Basics of Biblical Greek Chapters 26-30 Review 6

Chapters 26-30 Review #6 Grammar 1. 2. 3. What determines the case, number, and gender of a participle? a. Adjectival: Just like an ordinary adjective! If a participle is used as an adjective (attributive or predicate), then its case, number, and gender will agree with the word it is modifying. If a participle is used as a substantive, then its case is set by its function in the clause, and its number and gender are set by what it refers to.1 b. Adverbial: The case, number, and gender of a participle match the substantive that is doing the action of the participle (for active, middle, and deponent participles) or receiving the action of the participle (for passive participles that are not deponent). What are the clues that a participle is being used in the following ways? a. Adjectival: (1) Often, but not always, has the article. (2) ContextÑan adjectival use makes better sense in the sentence than an adverbial use. b. Adverbial: (1) Never has the article. (2) ContextÑan adverbial use makes better sense in the sentence than an adjectival use. c. Substantival: (1) Often , but not always, has the article. (2) ContextÑif there is no substantive for it to modify, then it cannot be adjectival. And if it has the article, then it cannot be adverbial. What are the seven questions you ask of any participle you meet? a. What is the case, number, and gender of the participle, and why? (i.e., What word is it modifying or standing in the place of? What is doing or receiving the action of the participle?) b. Is the action (or state of being) in the participle directed toward a verb (adverbial) or a noun (adjectival)? c. If it is adverbial, do you use ÒwhileÓ or ÒafterÓ? d. If it is adjectival, is it attributive or substantival? e. What is the aspect of the participle? Continuous (present), undefined (aorist), or perfect? f. What is the voice of the participle? g. What does the verb mean? 1 For participles that are used as an adjective (attributive or predicate) you can use the same answer that is given for adverbial participles, since the substantive modifies the word that is doing the action of the participle (or the word that is receiving the action of the participle if the participle is non-deponent passive). For substantival participles, however, this answer is does not work, because the substantive doing or receiving the action of the participle is not in the clause. !73 74 ! 4. 5. Review #6 What is a genitive absolute? A genitive absolute construction is a noun or pronoun2 and a participle in the genitive that are not grammatically connected3 to the rest of the sentence. How do you form the following periphrastic verbal forms? a. 6. Present: (present tense of eijmiv) + (present participle) b. Future: (future tense of eijmiv) + (present participle) c. Perfect: (present tense of eijmiv) + (perfect participle) Write out the nominative and genitive singular forms of the participle morpheme (with tense formative and case endings) of all three genders for the following tenses. Masculine Feminine Neuter a. Present active wn, ontoV ousa, oushV on, ontoV b. First aorist active saV, santoV sasa, sashV san, santoV c. First aorist passive qeiV, qentoV qeisa, qeishV qen, qentoV d. Second aorist middle omenoV, omenou omenh, omenhV omenon, omenou e. First perfect active kwV, kotoV kuia, kuiaV koV, kotoV f. Perfect middle/passive menoV, menou menh, menhV menon, menou Parsing 1. qevlontoV qevlw Present Active Participle Genitive Singular Masculine or Neuter Òwhile desiringÓ 2. grafei¾si gravfw Aorist Passive Participle Dative Plural Masculine or Neuter Òafter being writtenÓ 3. lelalhkovteV lalevw Perfect Active Participle Nominative Plural Masculine Òafter having spokenÓ 4. pisteuomevnaV pisteuvw Present Middle or Passive Participle Accusative Plural Feminine Òwhile being believedÓ 5. o[[n eijmiv Present Active Participle Nominative or Accusative Singular Neuter Òwhile beingÓ 6. balovnta bavllw Aorist Active Participle Accusative Singular Masculine / Aorist Active Participle Nominative or Accusative Plural Neuter Òafter throwingÓ 7. decqevnta devcomai Aorist Passive Participle Accusative Singular Masculine / Aorist Passive Participle Nominative or Accusative Plural Neuter Òafter being receivedÓ 8. beblhkovta bavllw Perfect Active Participle Accusative Singular Masculine / Perfect Active Participle Nominative or Accusative Plural Neuter Òafter having thrownÓ 2 In rare cases, the noun or pronoun may be absent, but the participle is always present. 3 By Ònot grammatically connectedÓ we mean that the substantive that is doing (active, middle, or deponent participle) or receiving (non-deponent passive participle) the action of the participle is not in the rest of the sentence. Instead, the substantive doing or receiving the action of the participle is the noun or pronoun in the genitive that is part of the genitive absolute construction. Review #6 9. luqeivsh/ 10. blevyasa ! 75 luvw Aorist Passive Participle Dative Singular Feminine Òafter being loosedÓ blevpw Aorist Active Participle Nominative Singular Feminine Òafter lookingÓ Translation: Mark 1:1-22 1:1 The beginning of the Gospel of Jesus Christ »the Son of God¼. 1:2 Just as it has been written in Isaiah the Prophet, ÒBehold! I am sending my messenger before your face, who will prepare your way; 1:3 a voice of one calling the desert, ÔPrepare the way of the Lord! Make straight his highways!ÕÓ 1:4 And John appeared, baptizing4 in the desert and preaching a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins. 1:5 And all the region of Judea and the inhabitants of Jerusalem were going out to him and being baptized by him in the Jordan river, confessing their sins. 1:6 And John was clothed with camelÕs hair, and a leather belt was around his waist, and he was eating locusts and wild honey. 1:7 And he was preaching, saying, ÒThe one greater than me is coming after me, the strap of whose sandals I am not worthy, stooping down, to loosen. 1:8 I baptized you by means of water, but he will baptize you in the Holy Spirit.Ó 1:9 And it came to pass in those days that Jesus came from Nazareth of Galilee and was baptized in the Jordan by John. 1:10 And immediately, while he was coming up from the water, he saw the heavens being split and the Spirit as a dove coming down on him; 1:11 and a voice came from the heavens, ÒYou are my beloved son; in you I am pleased.Ó 1:12 And immediately the Spirit is casting him out into the desert 1:13 and he was in the desert for forty days, being tested by Satan, and he was with the wild animals, and the angels were serving him. 1:14 And after John had been betrayed, Jesus went into Galilee, preaching the Gospel of God 1:15 and saying, ÒThe time has been fulfilled and the Kingdom of God has drawn near; repent and believe in the Gospel! 1:16 And while he was passing alongside of the Sea of Galilee, he saw Simon and Andrew the brother of Simon while they were casting nets in the sea, for they were fishermen. 1:17 And Jesus said to them, ÒFollow me, and I will make you to be fishers of men. 1:18 And immediately after leaving the nets they followed him. 1:19 and after going on a little ways, he saw James the son of Zebedee and John his brother, while they were mending the nets in the boat. 1:20 And immediately he called them. And after leaving behind their father Zebedee in the boat with the hired hands, they went away behind him. 1:21 And they are going into Capernaum. And immediately on the Sabbaths, after going into the synagogue he began to teach. 1:22 And they were being amazed at his teaching, for he was teaching them as one having authority and not as the scribes. 4 This can also be translated as ÒAnd John the Baptist appeared.Ó If the article [oJ] is accepted as original, then this latter translation is definitely correct, because adverbial participles cannot have the article.