Basics of Biblical Greek Exercise 28

Exercise 28 Aorist (UndeÞned) Adverbial Participles Parsing Inflected Person / # Tense / Gender Voice Mood Case Lexical Inflected Form Meaning marturhvsasan Accusative S Aorist Feminine Active Participle marturevw after she testified marturhvsanteV Nominative P Aorist Masculine Active Participle marturevw after they testified ejrcomevnwn Genitive P Present Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter Deponent Participle ejrcomai while going grafeivshV Genitive S Aorist Feminine Passive Participle gravfw after being written P Present Active Indicative lambavnw they are taking lambavnousi (2x) 3 Dative Present Masc or Neut Participle while taking poihsavsh/ Dative S Aorist Feminine Active Participle poievw after she did ajkousavmenai Nominative P Aorist Feminine Middle Participle ajkouvw after they heard for themselves eijselqovntoV Genitive S Aorist Masculine or Neuter Active Participle eijsevrcomai after he/it went pisteuqevnteV Nominative P Aorist Masculine Passive Participle pisteuvw after they were believed ejpivsteusaV 2 S Aorist Active Indicative pisteuvw you believed Warm-up a. He spoke to the angel after it 1 cried out. b. After going into the house, they saw the child with Mary. g. One scribe, after coming, said to him, ÒTeacher.Ó d. After he began in Galilee 1 Because the angel and the participle are both dative singular masculine, we know that the angel is the one doing the calling out. If the participle were nominative, the subject of the main verb (the unnamed person speaking to the angel) would be the one doing the calling out. !65 66 ! Exercise 28 e. I spoke to the man after he2 sent you to me. z. After she went into the house, he spoke3 to her. ‑ h. After an angel of God came to him and spoke to him4 Translation 1. And immediately on the Sabbath, after going into the synagogue, he was teaching. 2. Crying out immediately, the father of the child was saying, ÒI am believing.Ó 3. And after he went into the house, they came to him. 4. After greeting the brothers, we remained with them for one day. 5. And after the slaves of the owner came, they said to him, ÒLord, didnÕt you sow good seed?Ó 6. And after he heard, Herod was saying, ÒThe one whom I beheaded Ð John Ð this one has been raised!Ó 7. And Simon himself also believed, and after being baptized, he followed after Phillip, looking at the signs and great miracles. 8. And his mother answered and said, ÒNo, but he will be called John.Ó 9. And after beholding Jesus from afar, he ran and bowed down before him and crying out with a loud voice he said,5 ÒWhat do you have to do with me, Jesus, son of the Most High God?Ó 10. And Jesus answered and was saying while teaching in the temple, ÒHow is it that the scribes are saying that the Christ is the son of David? David himself said by the Holy Spirit, ÔThe Lord said to my lord, ÒSit at my right until I place your enemies under your feet.ÓÕÓ Additional 11. After greeting their fathers and mothers, the children went out with the other children. 12. And after Jesus went out from the house and into the temple, he cried out in a loud voice, ÒEveryone who is believing in me will be saved from the authority of the evil one.Ó 13. And after the sons of God saw the daughters of men, that they are beautiful, they took for themselves wives from all, whom they chose. 14. Even as also Moses prayed to the Lord and fire came down from heaven and consumed the offerings6 of the sacrifice, in the same manner also Solomon prayed and after coming down, the fire consumed the offerings of the sacrifice. 2 Because the participle and the man are both dative singular masculine, we know that the man is the one doing the action of the participle. 3 ÒHe spokeÓ is literally Òhe is speaking.Ó The present tense is often used in Greek narrative literature to describe a past event, and should then be translated with an English past tense verb. This use of the Greek present tense is called the Òhistorical present.Ó See Wallace, Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics, pp. 526ff. 4 Advanced information (after reading chapter 29): These participles may be attributive (see chapter 29), in which case we could translate as Òan angel of God who came to him and spoke to him.Ó 5 levgei is literally Òhe is saying,Ó but because a present tense meaning does not fit the context of a past-tense narrative, this is a Greek historical present, and is translated with an English past tense. See footnote 3 on page 65 of this answer key. 6 Literally, Òthe (blank) of the sacrifice,Ó where the blank is plural neuter. Exercise 28 15. And after taking of its fruit, she ate, and she gave also to her husband with her, and they ate. 16. And he was raised, and immediately, after taking up the bed, he went out. 17. And after he heard, King Herod was disturbed, and all Jerusalem with him. 18. And again after going away, he prayed, saying the same word. And again, after going he found them sleeping. 19. He said, ÒTake; this is my body.Ó And after taking the cup and after giving thanks he gave to them, and they all drank from it. 20. And after he threw everyone out, he is taking7 the father of the child and the mother and those with him, and he is going7 into where the child was.! ! 67 7 These verbs are present tense, so they are literally Òis takingÓ and Òis going.Ó But the present tense sounds very strange in this context in English. The literary genre is narrative about events in the past. In this genre, Greek often describes past events with the present tense as a literary device to make the action more vivid, as if you were watching it happen right now. This form is called Òthe historical presentÓ and is explained in Wallace, pp. 536-532. So a better English translation is Òhe took the fatherÉ and he went into where the child was.Ó