Global Health Solutions

Lecture one 1-Global health solutions include all of the following except: abcd- Polio eradication Donations to poor countries Containment of avian influenza Approaches to tobacco control Answer :b 2-Wars in low-income countries concern: a- Global health b- Public health c- International health d- none of the above Answer : c 3-Which of the following is false regarding global health? a- Focuses on issues that cannot pass national boundaries b- Requires global cooperation c- Requires great inter-disciplinary approach e- a+c Answer : a 4- All of the following statements about Public health are true Except: abcd- it focuses on the population emphasize on prevention vs. cure development and implementation of solutions strongly require global cooperation concerned about social justice and equity Answer : c 5-Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding differences between global health, international health and public health? a. Both global health and international health require multidisciplinary approach, whereas public health embraces a few disciplines. b. Global health focuses on health issues that transcend national boundaries, whereas public health focuses on health issues of particular communities. c. Global health and international health require cooperation between more than one nation, whereas public health often does not. d. Public health focuses on prevention programs for populations, whereas global health and international health embrace both populations and individuals care. Answer : A 6-Which of the following can be considered a health inequality issue? a. Health differences arising from childhood disabilities. b. Health differences arising from health insurance coverage. c. Health differences arising from cultural exclusion d. Health differences arising from poor governance. Answer :a 7-Global health can be attained by combining population-based health promotion and disease prevention measures with individual-level clinical care. This statement is: a. True b. . False Answer : A 8- Which of the following is NOT correct regarding the concept of Global Health? a. It encompasses issues that concern many countries or is affected by transnational determinants. b. . It involves many disciplines within and beyond health sciences. c. It was first introduced due to the spread of plague, cholera, smallpox and other mass afflictions. d. An area for research and practice that places a priority on achieving equity in health for all people worldwide. Answer :c Lecture 2 1- Holoendemic means: a- outbreak or occurrence of one specific disease from a single source, in a group population, community, or geographical area, in excess of the usual level of expectancy. b- persistent level of activity beyond or above the expected prevalence. c- a disease that is highly prevalent in a population and is commonly acquired early in life in most all of the children of the population d- disease or condition present among a population at all times. 2- Which of the following factors contribute to the outbreak of a disease: a- Role of the host b- Time c- Environmental circumstances d- all the above e- a+c 3- The essential characteristics of disease we look for in descriptive epidemiology are: a- Person b- Place c-Time d- a+c e- all the above 4- Herd Immunity is: a- when body produces its own antibodies b- The resistance a population or group has to the invasion and spread of an infectious disease c- Acquired through transplacental transfer of a mother’s immunity to diseases to the unborn child d- None of the above 5- Prevalence relies on which of the following factors: a- How many people have had the disease in the past b-The age of the population c-The environmental factors in the population d- All the above 6-Five cases of chest infection reached an emergency department. Clinical examinations and X-rays showed that 4 out of these cases developed mild respiratory symptoms, while one of them developed a pneumonia. The characteristic of the organism of chest infection that made the difference in these cases is called: a. Toxicity b. Invasiveness c. Pathogenicity d. pathogenesis 7-The provided curve is describing which phenomenon? a. An epidemic of a disease b. A pandemic of a disease c. An endemic of a disease d. A hyperendemic of a disease 8-In which one of the following circumstances will the prevalence of a disease in the population increase, all else being constant? a. If the incidence rate of the disease falls. b. If survival time with the disease increases. c. If recovery of the disease is faster. d. If the population in which the disease is measured increases. 9-A study of COVID-19 compares a group of patients who stayed at their homes for 14 days with a group of patients who were free to move in the community to test correlation with symptoms recovery, maybe considered as : a. Survey epidemiology b. Observational epidemiology c. Descriptive epidemiology d. Analytic epidemiology 10-Patient X was diagnosed with COVID-19 after touching a contaminated surface. Which of the following is not correct regarding this case? a. X is a reservoir of the coronavirus b. X is a host of the coronavirus c. Coronavirus is an agent d. The mode of transmission was vector-borne 11-All of the following are considered indirect disease transmission modes EXCEPT: a. Fomites b. Sneezing c. Contaminated hands d. Zoonosis 12-The attached picture shows the chain of disease transmission . The missed part represents : a. Vector b. Reservoir c. Carrier d. Fomite 13-Patient X got infected with Corona virus Prior to the Onset of symptoms , he transmitted the disease to patient Y and patient Z , Patient Y received supportive care and tested negative for the virus afterward , Patient Z had symptoms almost absent but is still testing positive for the virus . Which of the following is not correct regarding patients X , Y , and Z? a. Patient X healthy carrier ; patient Y active carrier ; patient a convalescent carrier b. Patient X incubatory Carrier ; patient Y active carrier ; patient Z convalescent carrier c. Patient X passive Carrier ; patient Y active Carrier ; patient Z convalescent carrier d. Patients X Y and are active carriers ANSWERS: 1) C 2) D 3) E 4) B 5) A 6) C 7) A 8) B 9) D 10) D 11) C 12) B 13) B Lecture 3 3-In an African village of 50,000 population, 50 cases of Malaria were reported in the month of July, and around 500 were classified as 'at risk'. The point prevalence of Malaria in July per thousand population is: a. We cannot calculate the point prevalence based on given data b. 0.1 c. 1 d. 0.001 answer: c 1-What is the main mode of transmission of 2019-nCOV? a- Sexual contact b- Vertically to the fetus c- Respiratory droplets d- Blood transfusion ans: Respiratory droplets 2-Which of the following is a common symptom of 2019-nCOV infection? a- dry cough b-Fever c- fatigue d- All of the above ans: All of the above 3-Which of the following is not a specific prevention method against 2019-nCOV? a- Taking vitamin C b- Practicing respiratory hygiene c- Social distancing d- Hand washing ans: Taking vitamin C 4-Which of the following is the best treatment discovered to date for 2019- nCOV patients? a- Supportive and symptomatic treatment b- Antibiotics c- Live-attenuated vaccine d- No treatment available. Patients should live their life normally ans: Supportive and symptomatic treatment 6-Which of the following is correct regarding COVID-19 and SARS-CoV? a. Both cannot transmit directly from animals to humans b. The time elapsed between exposure to both viruses and first appearance of symptoms might be up to 14 days c. Both are caused by the same virus called Corona virus d. Both can be attenuated by antibiotics ans: b. The time elapsed between exposure to both viruses and first appearance of symptoms might be up to 14 days 7-All of the following are recommended prevention measures for COVID-19 EXCEPT: a. Maintaining regular hand washing with soap and potable water b. Avoiding the consumption of raw animal products c. Maintaining at least 1meter distance between oneself and other people d. Using alcohol-based hand sanitizers that contains no more than 30% alcohol ans: Using alcohol-based hand sanitizers that contains no more than 30% alcohol 8-COVID-19 spreads easily through any of the following modes EXCEPT: a. Viral follicles directly from one person to person b. Saliva droplets directly from one person to person c. Viral droplets picked up when a person touches an infected surface. d. Mucus droplets directly from one person to person ans: Viral follicles directly from one person to person 24-Which of the following is false regarding coronaviruses? a- They are zoonotic b- They can cause illnesses other than common cold c- 2019-nCOV is the first identified virus from this family d- The latest epidemic caused by these viruses started from Wuhan, China ans: 2019-nCOV is the first identified virus from this family 1- Which of the following is wrong about upper middle-income countries? a. more people die from ischemic heart diseases b. more people get sick and die from infectious diseases c. the major causes of deaths are non-communicable diseases d. many people may die because of strokes ans: more people get sick and die from infectious diseases 2-Which of the following cause most neonatal deaths: a. Preterm birth b. birth asphyxia c. infections d. All the above ans: All the above 3- Which one of the following is considered wrong about low income countries? a. many people die mainly from neurodegenerative disorders b. communicable diseases are more common than non-communicable c. more people die from lower respiratory infections d. strokes aren’t considered the most common cause of death ans:many people die mainly from neurodegenerative disorders 4-Which statement is wrong about high income countries a. Alzheimer disease and other neurodegenerative diseases occur in higher rate than low income countries b. non-communicable diseases are much more common than communicable c. the major cause of death is ischaemic heart disease d. they die mainly from infections ans: . they die mainly from infections 5-The average life expectancy at birth of the global population in 2016 is: a- 80 years b- 78 years c- 65 years d- 72 years ans:72 years 6- Which of the following statements is correct regarding the causes of death globally? a. Communicable diseases are the leading cause of death only in developing countries. b. Non-communicable diseases are the leading cause of death in low-income country. c. Non-communicable diseases are the leading cause of death in low, middle, and high-income countries. d. Communicable diseases are the leading cause of death in low, middle, and highincome countries ans: Communicable diseases are the leading cause of death only in developing countries. 7-According to recent global health data by the World Health Organization (WHO), which of the following caused the highest mortality rate? a. Non-Communicable diseases b. Communicable diseases c. Injuries d. Infections ans: Non-Communicable diseases 8-Which of the following factors are among the top causes of mortality among young adolescents? a. Mood and anxiety disorders b. Respiratory and digestive disorders c. Road injury, HIV, and respiratory infections d. HIV, road injury, and diarrheal diseases ans: . Road injury, HIV, and respiratory infections 9-Ischemic heart diseases are considered the leading cause of death in which of the following regions? a. High income countries b. Upper middle-income countries c. Lower middle-income countries d. All are correct ans: all are correct