Module 3 Metabolism

Module 3: Metabolism Part A: Objectives 1-7 Instructions: Use the Module 3 assigned reading, PowerPoint presentation, and other resources of your choice to answer the following questions. Objective 1: Define metabolism What does metabolism refer to? Refers to all chemical reactions of the body How does catabolism differ from anabolism? Catabolism breaks down molecules into smaller molecules, releasing more energy than absorbed. In contrast, anabolism is a reaction that combines molecules into more complex ones and absorbs more energy than they release. Objective 2: Recognize the relationship between energy and metabolism What are the two principal kinds of energy? Potential energy and kinetic energy What form of potential energy causes chemical reactions? Chemical energy- energy that is stored in the bonds of molecules and compounds. How do exergonic reactions differ from endergonic reactions? Exergonic reactions are catabolic reactions that release more energy than absorbed and endergonic reactions are anabolic that absorb more energy then released. Why is chemical energy needed for metabolism? In order for chemical reactions to occur chemical energy is needed because it powers the reaction. Objective 3: Identify the function of enzymes What do enzymes do? Enzymes catalyze reactions by helping molecules interactmakes reactions go faster The optimal temperature for enzyme activity varies, but is often close to body temperature (98.6°F; 37°C) for many of them. What happens to enzyme-catalyzed reactions when the body’s temperature increases above the optimum temperature for enzymes? The rate of the reaction decreases Objective 4: Explain the role of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in metabolism What does ATP do? ATP transfers chemical energy to power cellular activities How is ATP produced? ATP is produced by cellular respiration List four sets of reactions involved in the cellular respiration of glucose.1. Glycolysis 2. The formation of acetyl coenzyme A 3. The Krebs cycle 4. The electron transport chain Objective 5: Describe carbohydrate metabolism Fill in the blanks: During ____digestion_____, polysaccharides and disaccharides are catabolized into glucose, which is catabolized by cells to provide _ATP__ to fuel metabolism. Objective 6: Describe lipid metabolism Lipids (like carbohydrates) may be catabolized to produce ATP. What happens to lipids if the body has no immediate use for them? they are stored as triglycerides in adipose tissue throughout the body and in the liver Objective 7: Describe protein metabolism List two things that happens during digestion when proteins are broken down into amino acids. 1. The amino acids will be Catabolized to produce ATP 2. the amino acids will be used to synthesize new proteins for body growth and repair Part B: Objective 8 Objective 8: Explain the role of nutrition in metabolism A label for a hydration drink mix states that the product has a full lineup of B vitamins and vitamin C for energy metabolism and cellular protection. Complete the table below to explain how these principle vitamins accomplish this. Principle Vitamin Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) Function • Acts as a coenzyme involved in carbohydrate metabolism • Essential for synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) • Component of coenzymes involved in carbohydrate and protein metabolism Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) • Essential coenzyme for normal amino acid metabolism Assists production of circulating antibodies • Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) • Vitamin C • Coenzyme necessary for red blood cell formation Promotes protein synthesis, including laying down collagen in connective tissue Works with antibodies, promotes wound healing, and functions as an antioxidant Part C: Objectives 9-10 Objective 9: Explain the role of occupational therapy in addressing nutrition According to the American Occupational Therapy Association’s Occupational Therapy Practice Framework, list four occupations that can be used to address nutrition with clients. • Feeding — Setting up, arranging, and bringing food or fluid from the vessel to the mouth (includes self-feeding and feeding others)- occupational therapist can help clients with proper seating, adaptive utensils and others • • • Eating and swallowing — Keeping and manipulating food or fluid in the mouth, swallowing it (i.e., moving it from the mouth to the stomach)- occupational therapists can help patients manage difficulties eating and chewing Health Management- Activities related to developing, managing, and maintaining health and wellness routines, including self-management, with the goal of improving or maintaining health to support participation in other occupations Nutrition Management — Implementing and adhering to nutrition and hydration recommendations from the medical team, preparing meals to support health goals, participating in health-promoting diet routines Objective 10: Discuss the impact of energy on occupational performance Describe a time when your energy level was high while performing an activity. What were you doing? How did it affect your ability to complete the task. My energy levels where high when organizing a community event. My energy helped me coordinate tasks and manage the logistics effectively. This high energy allowed for a successful organized event. Describe a time when your energy level was low while performing an activity. What were you doing? How did it affect your ability to complete the task. My energy levels where low when I was writing a paper for school, which made me make many errors and caused difficulty concentrating. This slowed my progress and made me use more time to correct the paper.