Host Population Relationship With Pathogens

HOST POPULATION RELATIONSHIP WITH PATHOGENS Vegetation and Plants In nature, over a certain period of time due to climatic influences, they can react to form miscommunities. Community is a unit at a certain place and time consisting of several species of plants and animals (fungi, bacteria, protozoa, etc.) with functional interactions Vegetation is: a complex consisting of different species, different ages and habitats regulated by community-habitat interactions and dependencies, although at any given time, one or several plant species may be dominant and determine aspects of the vegetation.A crop is any agricultural product that is being grown or harvestedPlants influence the environment and influence pathogens. The characteristics of plant populations are: plant character diversity increases, environmental diversity increases, genetic diversity decreases, plant density increases and growth conditions change. Host Growth and Development Growth is: an increase in the size and weight of plants or plant organs, quantitatively expressed as shoot length, leaf area and dry weight Development is: the speed at which an organism achieves morphological success in different phases that are influenced by the genetic environment and controlled by physiology and the direction of irreversible change.The response of a pathogen population to host growth is determined by the susceptibility of a host plant variety and the pathogenicity of the pathogen. Changes in pathogenicity of pathogens can be divided into 3, including: 1.Macroevolutionis a change in the pathogenicity of a pathogen that occurs continuously on plants. 2.Mesoevolutionis a change in pathogenicity that has occurred since the start of agriculture 3.Microevolutionis the process of pathogenicity observed within 10 years Changes in the pathogen slowly follow changes in the host and conversely changes in the host follow changes in the pathogen. From an ecological perspective, plant diseases caused by microorganisms are part of nature. He is very interested in being able to continue to live and reproduce. In a natural ecosystem whose biotic components are very diverse, it can be said that these pathogens do not have the opportunity to reproduce freely, because these components mutually limit their development. On the other hand, in a (man-made) agroecosystem, these organisms have the opportunity to reproduce in the plants being cultivated to the detriment, because the biotic diversity is relatively very low, especially if only one variety of plant is cultivated in the agroecosystem.It is not possible to completely eradicate the pathogen nor is it necessary. Humans are forced to learn to live together with these pathogenic microorganisms in agroecosystems. However, efforts are made to ensure that the population remains below a density that does not economically harm humans. This is one of the basic concepts of integrated pest and disease management. Epidemiology provides guidelines for control tactics that must be used to be efficient, economical and appropriate in accordance with IPM. So epidemiology can be said to be a control strategy. Population and its attributes. Epidemiolgy studies the processes of host-pathogen interactions, respectively, at the population level. A population is a group of organisms of one species or group of organisms whose individuals can fertilize each other and occupy a certain place and at a certain time. Populations of a species have certain attributes. What is important in epidemiology is: Temporary attributein ecology are birth rates, deaths, immigration and emigration. However, in plant disease epidemiology, the terms sporulation and dissemination of a pathogenic fungus are used Spatial attributes discusses the degree of density, structure and distribution of a population in spatial dimensions. What is important in epidemiology is: Area namely a certain place occupied by a species population of a pathogen which is usually together with populations of other species. Dispersionis how distributed a population is in an area. Individuals can be spread evenly in an area, clustered or irregular. Densityis how many individuals there are in each unit of area or volume. for example, how many disease spots are there in one unit size (cm2) on a leaf. The severity of the diseaseis a portion of the leaf surface or a portion of the diseased plant population expressed as a percentage of the entire leaf surface or entire plant population. Disease prevalenceis to state how many types of plants are sick, expressed as a percentage of all types of plants in a field.