Plant-Induced Resistance to Disease

Plant-Induced Resistance to Disease Different species, strains of microorganisms often work together to increase or decrease the susceptibility of the host plant to infection. Plant susceptibility to a pathogen can be increased by pre-infection with another pathogen or a different strain of the same pathogen. Incompatible pathogens can become compatible in plants that are first infected with a particular pathogen. It can also happen that plants that are normally resistant to a particular strain of one type of pathogen then become susceptible to that strain, if they are simultaneously inoculated with a compatible strain of the same fungus.Apart from inducing susceptibility to disease, pathogens can also act on each other and induce resistance in the host. This event is known by various names or terms, namely: protection, cross protection, and induced resistance, induced immunization. Henceforth, the term induced resistance is used with the intention of making it easy and consistent in writing. Induced resistance events can be found in bacterial plant diseasesfungus or virus. Several experts have found that plants can be immunized against fungal diseases, plants can also be immunized against viral diseases in tobacco, bean and cowpea plants by using viruses as inducing agents, there are spots that develop from rust fungi.Uromyces appendiculatuson chickpeas (Phaseolus vulgaris) will protect the leaves against subsequent infection by the same fungus, and inoculation of sunflower (Helianthus macrophylla) leaves with the bean rust fungus before or together withPuccinia helianthiwill protect plants from subsequent attacks by sunflower rustFrom developing research, many aspects can be revealed in relation to the events of plant-induced resistance to disease. Induced resistance is apparently associated with the lignification process in plants, which results in limited fungal development. Systemically increased peroxidase activity was shown to be associated with induced resistance. The influence of pathogens that do not produce necrotic spots on susceptible leaves can also be possible to provide systemic plant protection.It can be said that plant immunization against disease has various formspositive traits, some of which provide advantages to the methods of determinationdisease control using pesticides or breeding. From the description above it can be concluded that: 1. Effective immunization against diseases caused by viruses, bacteria and fungi 2. It is thought that immunization depends on the activity of several different mechanisms, therefore it is stable. Systemic fungicides with a single metabolic effect are generally unstable with the result that new races of pathogens develop rapidly. Immunization can stabilize plants and support the survival of plants during their evolution. 3. Immunization is systemic. 4. Immunization is persistent; In several cases it has been researched that immunization can work throughout the life of the plant 5. Because immunization uses resistance mechanisms that exist in plants, immunization can be said to be natural and plants that are resistant to this disease are safe, both for humans and the environment. 6. It turns out that immunization can be transmitted by connecting the rootstock with the scion. This is important because many plants can be developed by grafting 7. Systemic immunization causes plants to have a sensitive or sensitive response. However, the use of primary energy and the expression of mechanisms for resistance are limited to certain areas of the plant and only occur when pathogens attack them 8. The possibility of immunization of susceptible plants strengthens the notion that genetic potential for resistance exists in all plants. Such information may be of special use to plant breeders 9. The latest results of the research show that plants can be immunized with chemicals extracted from immunized plants. This encourages the possibility of immunization by spraying in the field or seed treatment.