Clinical Chemistry Practice Questions

MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE • CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PRACTICE QUESTIONS • • • • • • • • • 2 mL of stock solution is added to 8 mL of solvent. What is the dilution, ratio, and total volume? a. 2:10, 2:8 b. 10:2, 8:2 c. 2:8, 2:10 d. 8:2, 10:2 Cryogenic materials: a. Cause asphyxiation b. Cause embrittlement of material c. Can explode due to increased pressure d. All of these Chemicals should be stored a. According to their chemical properties and classification b. Alphabetically, for easy accessibility c. Inside a safety cabinet with proper ventilation d. Inside a fume hood, if toxic vapors can be released when opens Proper PPE in the chemistry laboratory for routine testing includes: a. Impermeable lab coat with eye/face protection and appropriate disposable gloves b. Respirators with HEPA filter c. Gloves with rubberized sleeves d. Safety glasses for individuals not wearing contact lenses Which of the following are examples of nonionizing radiation? a. UV light and microwaves b. Gamma rays and x-rays c. Alpha and beta radiation d. Neutron radiation 1 L of 4 N NaOH (strong base) in a glass 1 L beaker accidentally fell and spilled on the laboratory floor. The 1st step is to: a. Call 911 b. Alert and evacuate those in the immediate are out of harms way c. Throw some kitty litter on the spill d. Squirt water on the spill to dilute the chemical e. Neutralize with absorbing materials in a nearby spill kit Which problem can be encountered in phlebotomy? a. Neurological b. Dermatological c. Anemia d. All of these Required fasting hours for lipid measurement. a. 6 hrs b. 8 hrs c. 10 hrs d. 12 hrs Most affected from supine to standing or just by prolonged standing: a. Iron b. Calcium c. Cortisol d. Aldosterone • • • • • • • • • Most affected by diurnal variation a. Iron b. ACTH c. Aldosterone d. Growth Hormone Which of the following is a cause of pseudohyperkalemia: I. Squeezing site of capillary puncture II. Pumping fist during venipuncture III. Tourniquet left for more than 1 minute a. I, II b. II, III c. I, II, III Which of the following are routinely measured electrolyte: I. Na II. K III. Cl IV. CO2 a. I, II, III b. I, II, III, IV A serum/plasma appeared milky and opaque. What is the value of triglycerides? a. 200 mg/dL b. 300 mg/dL c. 400 mg/dL d. 600 mg/dL Type 1 DM: I. Usually affect age of onset before 20 years old II. Usually leads to deficiency or absence of insulin III. Prone to ketosis IV. Destruction of B cells a. I, II b. I, III c. I, II, III, IV d. I, III, IV Need emergency treatment or response: I. Glycosuria II. Ketoacidosis III. Hyperkalemia a. I, II b. I, III c. II, III d. I, II, III Not included during inflammation a. Increase capillary permeability b. Migration of lymphocytes c. Release of haptoglobin d. CRP release Non-invasive procedure using vaginal secretions to detect threatened abortion: a. AFP b. Fetal fibronectin c. B-hCG Used as a marker for nutrition a. Cystatin C b. Cross-linked C telopeptide c. Fibronectin d. Adiponectin Black urine upon standing: a. Alkaptonuria b. Phenylketonuria 1 • • • • • • • • • • • Which of the following does not belong to major LPP? a. VLDL b. HDL c. Lp (x) d. LDL Creamy layer on top on serum? a. Chylomicrons b. LDL c. HDL Endogenous triglycerides? a. LDL b. HDL c. VLDL What analyte is measured by using this equation? TC - HDL - VLDL (TAG/5) a. LDL b. Chole c. CM d. TAG Major product of protein catabolism: a. Urea b. Uric acid c. Creatinine d. Ammonia Urea is reabsorbed in the circulation due to obstruction a. Pre renal azotemia b. None of the above c. Renal azotemia d. Post renal azotemia Which is not a product of catabolism and anabolism of nucleic acids and proteins? a. Urea b. Creatinine c. Glucose d. Uric acid Which of the following is used as an early biomarker in the diagnosis of acute kidney injury? a. NGAL b. Cystatin C c. Creatinine d. Urine volume Which of the following does not belong to liver function tests? a. Bilirubin b. Enzymes c. Factor assay d. Prothrombin Which of the following is involved in excretory and synthetic function of the liver? a. PT b. Bilirubin c. Albumin d. Transaminases Which of the following is involved in hepatocellular damage and necrosis? a. PT b. Bilirubin c. Transaminase d. Albumin • • • • • • • • • • Use of wetting agent or incorrect pH ______ the amount of unconjugated bilirubin. a. Increases b. Decreases c. Does not affect Which of the following is an important part in enzyme function? a. Cofactor b. Coenzyme c. Activator True of enzymes: I. Catalyzes the transfer of chemical or functional group from one substance to another II. Catalyzes intramolecular rearrangement of the substrate compound III. Increased activity intracellularly when red cells are damaged a. I, II b. I, III c. II, III d. I, II, III Structural change: a. Isomerase b. Ligase c. Transferase d. Oxidoreductase Moderate specificity to heart, liver, and skeletal muscle: a. LDH b. CK c. ALT d. AST Which enzyme is not a macroenzyme? a. ACP b. ALP c. G6PD d. Transferases Pathologic increase of amylase a. Duodenal perforation b. Acute pancreatitis c. Cirrhosis d. Hepatitis A condition of iron overload as demonstrated by an increased serum iron and TIBC or transferrin, in the absence of demonstrable tissue damage: a. Sideroblastic anemia b. Hemochromatosis c. Hemosiderosis d. Crohn’s disease Causing hyponatremia due to water imbalance: I. Severe burn II. CHF III. SIADH IV. Pseudohyponatremia a. I, II b. II, III c. III, IV d. I, II, III, IV Which of the following is not a cause of hyponatremia due to increased sodium loss a. Diuretic use b. Hypokalemia c. Renal failure d. Severe burns 2 • • • • • • • • • • • Chronic renal failure: _______ loss of function a. Progressive b. Irreversible c. Reversible Essential in acid-base balance I. K II. HCO3 III. Cl IV. Ca a. I, II b. II, III c. I, IV d. I, III Patient ingested ethanol, what other tests can support this situation? a. Detect anion gap b. Detect electrolytes c. Detect osmolal gap d. Detect serum osmolality Estimated osmolality equation a. Na + Glu + BUN b. Na + Glu x BUN c. 2 x Na + Glu + BUN d. 2 x BUN + Glue + Na What causes pseudohyperkalemia? I. Excessive fist clenching II. Prolonged tourniquet use III. Thrombocytosis a. I, II b. I, III c. I, II, III d. II, III Hormones involved in regulation of calcium a. PTH b. Vit. D c. Calcitonin d. All of these Causing hyponatremia due to water imbalance: I. Severe burn II. CHF III. SIADH IV. Pseudohyponatremia a. I, II b. III, IV Buffer system in maintaining RBCs and H+ ions in the urine a. Phosphate b. Bicarbonate-carbonic acid In the Henderson-Hasselbach equation, what organ is represented by the numerator? a. Lungs b. Kidneys Growth hormone is inhibited by: a. Glucose loading b. Thyroxine c. Insulin deficiency CASE: Neonate, no protein intake for 24 hours since birth, what is the thyroxine result compared to normal? a. Low b. High c. Normal • • • • • • • • • Not associated with neonatal hypothyroidism: a. Thyroiditis b. Mental retardation c. Cretinism Not associated with PCOS: a. Hirsutism b. Infertility c. Obesity d. Myxedema Luteinizing hormone function/characteristic: I. Non-specific function II. Produced by Leydig cells a. I, II b. None of these A steroid hormone that maintains pregnancy a. Progesterone b. hCG c. Estriol Drugs that are not included in TDM: I. ASA / Aspirin II. Acetaminophen / Paracetamol III. Ibuprofen a. I, II b. I, II, III Anti-asthmatic drugs: I. Theophylline II. TheoDur III. Digoxin IV. Procainamide a. I, II b. III, IV c. I, II, III d. I, II, III, IV Lithium is a(n): a. CNS depressant b. Anti-depressant c. CNS stimulant Also known as ecstasy: a. Opiates b. Cocaine c. Phencyclidine d. Methamphetamine Drug that do not affect CNS a. Barbiturates b. Benzodiazepines c. Methotrexate d. Cannabinoids 3