University:
Sam Houston State University
Course:
BIOL 2413 | General Zoology
Academic year:

2022
Views:

79

Pages:

17
Author:

5CelestialChronicle

Animal Nutrition and Feeds 10/29/2024 What is Nutrition? Nutrition is the science of dealing with the utilization of food by the body processes which transform food into body tissues and energy. To obtain and utilize surplus or unusable feed stuffs and convert them to desirable products such as meat, milk, eggs, fiber and work. What is a Nutrient? A single class of food or group of like foods that aids in the support of life and makes it possible for animals to grow or provide energy for physiological processes. Digestible Nutrient The portion of the nutrient which may be broken down (digested) and absorbed and used by the body. The Six Nutrients Needed • Protein • Carbohydrates • Fats • Minerals • Vitamins • Water Proteins  Needed for growth and repair  Helps form muscles, internal organs, skin, hair, wool, feathers, hoofs and horns  Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen Examples of Proteins 1. Meat and Bone Meal 2. Fish Meal 3. Soybean Meal 4. Cottonseed Meal 5. Dried Skim Milk 6. Amino Acids Carbohydrates • Furnish energy for body functions, growth and reproduction • The largest part of the animal’s food supply and usually the fibrous part of the diet • Include sugars, starch and cellulose •Are made of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen Fats • Furnish a concentrated source of energy, up to 2.25 times as much energy as carbohydrates do • Form cholesterol, steroids and other body compounds • Found in every cell in the body • Affect the condition of skin and hair • Are made of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen, but contain much larger proportions of carbon and hydrogen than carbohydrates do • They also provide energy reserves, protection for vital organs, and they insulate the body Minerals  Primarily found in bones and teeth  Important in blood for the carrying of oxygen  Regulates heartbeat with potassium, sodium and calcium Example: Calcium Formation Found in rocks • Are only needed in small amounts • Are essential for life and health • Provide a defense against disease, promote growth and reproduction • Contribute to the general health of the animal WATER • Accounts for 70% or more of the composition of most plants and animals FEED CLASSIFICATIONS 1.Roughages 2.Concentrates 3.Supplements ROUGHAGES •High in fiber and relatively low in digestible nutrients Examples of roughages: 1. Alfalfa 2. Clover 3. Soybean 4. Oat hay 5. Corn Silage Concentrates • Are low in fiber and high in digestible nutrients Examples of concentrates: 1. Corn 2. Cottonseed 3. Barley 4. Oats 5. Sorghum Supplements • Supplements are extras that supply the body with additional nutrients. • Some supplements are minerals, salt, copper, iodine and iron • Vitamin A and D are also very important to ruminant animals Salt Copper Iron