STUDENT NAME _____________________________________ AMS ch 32 Heart Failure DISORDER/DISEASE PROCESS __________________________________________________________ REVIEW MODULE CHAPTER ___________ Alterations in Health (Diagnosis) Heart Failure Pathophysiology Related to Client Problem Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Heart failure occurs when the heart muscle is unable to pump effectively, resulting in inadequate cardiac output, myocardial hypertrophy, and pulmonary congestion. The heart is unable to maintain adequate circulation to meet tissue needs. Maintain an exercise routine to remain physically active; consume a diet low in Na+ and restrict fluids; don't smoke; take medications as ordered ASSESSMENT SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS Risk Factors Expected Findings Dyspnea, fatigue, S3 heart sound, cough, crackles, frothy sputum, altered mental status, jugular vein distension, edema, abdominal distension, polyuria, weight gain HTN, CAD, MI, COPD, Anemia, Infection or Inflammation of heart muscle, Hyperthyroidism, Septicemia, cancer treatments, heredity Medication Interactions Falls risk Skin breakdown Laboratory Tests Diagnostic Procedures BNP (will be elevated in patients with HF), metabolic panel (renal) Hemodynamic monitoring (PAWP, CVP), Ultrasound to look at ejection fraction, TEE, CXR, ECG PATIENT-CENTERED CARE Nursing Care Monitor daily weight and I&O, assess patient, labs, assess responses to medications, emotional support, client education Complications Medications Diuretics Afterload-reducing agents Inotropic agents Client Education Acute pulmonary edema Medication administration and side effects Monitor BP Weigh daily Sodium and fluid restrictions Schedule regular follow-ups Smoking cessation (if applicable) Cardiogenic shock Beta blockers Therapeutic Procedures Ventricular Assist Device Heart transplant Vasodilators hBNP's Anticoagulants Interprofessional Care Cardiology services Respiratory services Cardiac rehab Nutritional services Perciardial tamponade