University:
Swansea University
Course:
PM-139 | Human Physiology 1
Academic year:

2023
Views:

340

Pages:

2
Author:

Amal J.

Types of Bladder Dysfunction: Automatic Bladder (Spastic Bladder): Causes: Lesion above the S2 level (commonly T11-T12 vertebral injury) Spinal cord tumors Bilateral pyramidal tract lesions Multiple sclerosis Characteristics: Hyperactive micturition reflex with loss of voluntary control Reflex emptying of the bladder occurs in response to a certain level of filling Features: Reflex emptying without warning Incomplete evacuation Small bladder capacity, holding only small volumes Lower infection risk Autonomous Bladder (Flaccid Bladder): Causes: Lesions at or below the S2 level Spinal shock Pelvic surgery or malignancy Spina bifida High lumbar disc lesion Characteristics: Destruction of reflex centers with afferent and efferent nerve root involvement Loss of tone in detrusor muscle, resulting in a flaccid bladder Bladder becomes fully filled without micturition Features: Overflow dribbling or continuous incontinence Considerable residual urine with a high risk of infection No sensation of bladder fullness Associated with perineal numbness and loss of sexual function