Computer Literacy Quiz

Question 1:  Incorrect Which type of data have elements in common but do not fit into rigid rows and columns in a table? Semi-structured Non-relational Structured Non-structured EXPLANATION Somewhere between structured and non-structured data are semi-structured data. These data don't fit into the rigid rows and columns of a table but have some similarities. Structured data is data that can be divided into discrete categories. Non-structured data is data that doesn't follow a clear pattern. The term non-relational refers to a database that does not follow the relational model that most traditional databases do. REFERENCES  7.5.1 Non-relational Databases   7.5.2 Non-relational Database Facts  7.5.5 Big Data Facts 7.5.4 Big Data q_itf2_nrdb_01.question.fex Question 2:  Correct Which of the following careers often requires expertise in mathematics and statistics to find relevant trends and patterns in data? Database developer Data scientist Data analyst Database administrator EXPLANATION A data analyst uses his or her expertise in mathematics and statistics to find relevant trends and patterns in data. Database developers design and implement databases, but their work focuses more on writing SQL code and conducting performance tests to ensure that database systems are optimized for the needs of clients. A database administrator is responsible for designing, maintaining, backing up, and securing an organization's databases. Data scientists work with machine learning algorithms that help them build predictive models and develop strategies for business success. Question 3:  Correct Which data model focuses on high-level concepts? Conceptual Logical Physical Operational EXPLANATION A conceptual data model focuses only on high-level concepts. This data model answers the question of what a system contains. A logical data model focuses on how a system should be implemented regardless of the database management system (DBMS) being used. A physical data model describes how the system will be implemented with a specific DBMS system. Operational data is data that is produced by an organization's everyday operations. Question 4:  Correct A business wants to set up a database to store customer and order information. They have decided to use a relational database. Which of the following is the main benefit of using a relational database? The data can be organized into separate tables that are related to each other. The data can be saved as a flat file. The data is stored as a single file for quick retrieval. The data can be stored as unstructured data. EXPLANATION One of the key advantages of using a relational database is that the data can be stored in separate tables and a relationship established between tables. For example, the customer data for a customer is only stored once. Each time that customer places an order, the order goes into the orders table and the customer ID is stored with the order. The customer ID establishes a relationship with the customer table that contains a unique customer ID for each customer. Relational databases use multiple files instead of a single file to store data. Relational databases typically store data as structured data. Non-relational databases utilize unstructured data. A flat file is one way to store data, but relational databases do not use a flat file, such as a single text or binary file. REFERENCES  7.3.1 Relational Databases   7.3.2 Relational Database Facts 7.3.4 Database Structure q_itf_relationaldb_facts_12.question.fex Question 5:  Correct Edward, a database user, would like to gather some specific information from a database and then manipulate the data in a spreadsheet. Edward then wants to save that information in a file format that will be used by another application. Which of the following database features would work BEST to accomplish this? Query Form Report Table EXPLANATION A query will result in information that resembles a spreadsheet with rows and columns. A report would format the data in a human readable format. A form is used to automatically build a query to retrieve database records. A table is used to store information in a database. REFERENCES  7.2.4 Database Management Systems  7.2.5 Database Management System Facts q_itf_relationaldb_facts_09.question.fex Question 6:  Correct Which of the following careers requires advanced programming and analytical skills related to data mining and big data analytics? Database developer Data scientist Database administrator Data analyst EXPLANATION The work of data scientists focuses on data analysis, especially as it relates to data mining and big data analytics. A data analyst specializes in gathering and analyzing data to inform business decisions. Database developers focus on writing SQL code and conducting performance tests to ensure that database systems are optimized for the needs of clients. A database administrator is responsible for designing, maintaining, backing up, and securing an organization's databases. Question 7:  Correct A database administrator is setting up a new table that will contain customer information. The fields include name, address, company, phone, email, and customer ID. The administrator is using the customer ID to uniquely identify each customer record. Which of the following BEST describes the customer ID field? Primary key Foreign key Private key Public key EXPLANATION Most records in a database require a way to distinguish them from other records. This unique identifier is called a primary key. Primary keys are usually numbers, but they can be any unique value. If you have a driver's license, the license number is a primary key. Even though other people may share your same first and last name, nobody else shares your license number. A foreign key is when a table uses a primary key from another table. Public and private keys are used by encryption methods. REFERENCES   7.2.2 Data Modeling  7.3.2 Relational Database Facts 7.3.1 Relational Databases q_itf_relationaldb_facts_07.question.fex Question 8:  Correct Which of the following needs to be done before Big Data can be analyzed and interpreted? Data analytics Securing data Data mining Data extraction EXPLANATION Before analyzing and interpreting Big Data, it needs to be gathered and organized. This process is called data extraction. Data mining is a broad and open-ended analysis of extracted data. Data mining experts use automated tools and algorithms to discover trends or patterns in the data. Big Data analytics is the process of asking specific questions to help interpret data. Securing data refers to the specific security challenges that come along with non-relational databases. Many of these databases have securities issues. Question 9:  Incorrect Which of the following are the four general tasks a user needs to perform for a database to function properly? Create, Read, Update, Delete Create, Reuse, Unleash, Delete Configure, Read, Update, Deny Create, Read, Unleash, Deny EXPLANATION For a database to function correctly, users need to be able to do four general tasks: add new information, access existing information, modify information, and delete information. An easy way to remember these is to use the acronym CRUD: Create, Read, Update, and Delete. None of the other options are correct. Question 10:  Correct Mary needs to view the records from the Clients table that pertain to Travis. Which command should she use? SELECT Travis FROM Clients SELECT * FROM Clients WHERE name = Travis UPDATE * FROM Clients WHERE name = Travis SELECT ^ FROM Clients WHERE name = Travis EXPLANATION SELECT * FROM Clients WHERE name = Travis is the correct answer because to view a record containing specific terms, use the WHERE command with the SELECT command. SELECT ^ FROM Clients WHERE name = Travis is not correct because ^ is not a valid SQL operator. UPDATE * FROM Clients WHERE name = Travis is not correct because the UPDATE command makes changes to existing records in a table. SELECT Travis FROM Clients is not correct as it does not follow any proper SQL syntax. Question 11:  Correct The concern that Big Data is often obtained without the knowledge or consent of users falls under which Big Data concept? Data mining Data analytics Data extraction Data ethics EXPLANATION The ethics of Big Data can be a major concern. Since Big Data is often obtained without the knowledge or consent of users, information can be sold to other organizations in a way that violates users' privacy. Another potential problem is that Big Data analytics can uncover misleading or harmful information about innocent people. Big Data analytics is the process of asking specific questions to help interpret data. Data mining is a broad and open-ended analysis of extracted data. Data mining experts use automated tools and algorithms to discover trends or patterns in the data. Before analyzing and interpreting Big Data, it needs to be gathered and organized. This process is called data extraction. Question 12:  Correct What is the technology that aggregates structured data from one or more sources called? Data warehousing Relational Non-relational Big Data EXPLANATION Data warehousing is a technology that aggregates structured data from one or more sources. It allows you to use data from different kinds of databases at the same time. The term relational refers to relationships between items in a database. It is not a technology that aggregates the data from multiple sources. The term non-relational refers to a database that does not follow the relational model that most traditional databases do. Big Data refers to the vast amounts of data collected and stored online based on internet searches, social media posts, customer transactions, military surveillance, medical tests, and weather sensors. Question 13:  Correct Which of the following acronyms describes the traditional way to make sure data stays consistent across the entire database? CRUD DBA SQL ACID EXPLANATION ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability) transactions are the traditional way to make sure that data stays consistent across the whole database when it is moved around. CRUD (Create, Read, Update, and Delete) describes the four main tasks users need to be able to perform for a database to function properly. SQL stands for Structured Query Language. This is the language that most database programs use. DBA stands for database administrator. Question 14:  Correct What is asking specific questions to interpret Big Data called? Data extraction Data mining Data analytics Data ethics EXPLANATION Big Data analytics is the process of asking specific questions to help interpret data. Data mining is a broad and open-ended analysis of extracted data. Data mining experts use automated tools and algorithms to discover trends or patterns in the data. The ethics of Big Data can be a major concern. Since Big Data is often obtained without the knowledge or consent of users, information can be sold to other organizations in a way that violates users' privacy. Before analyzing and interpreting Big Data, it needs to be gathered and organized. This process is called data extraction. Question 15:  Correct What is the general term for software that creates and manages databases? DBMS Microsoft Access Tables MySQL EXPLANATION A database management system (DBMS) is software that creates and manages databases. It acts as an interface between the raw data stored in the database and people who want to use or analyze the data. Tables are the backbone of any database. Tables store the information that resides in a database. Microsoft Access and MySQL are specific DBMS programs. Question 16:  Correct Mary needs to view all records from the Clients table. Which command should she use? WHERE ^ FROM Clients SELECT ^ FROM Clients SELECT * FROM Clients WHERE * FROM Clients EXPLANATION The correct syntax for viewing all records from a table named Clients is SELECT * FROM Clients. The * signifies selecting everything in the specified table. SELECT ^ FROM Clients is not correct as ^ is not a valid SQL operator. The WHERE command lets you narrow down the query to specific results within the table. Question 17:  Correct Which process exports a database into a format that can be read by another program like a spreadsheet? Database dump CRUD CSV Database backup EXPLANATION A database dump is another way to back up a database by exporting the data into a format that can be read by another program like a spreadsheet. The command syntax for exporting and importing a database dump depends on the database platform you are using. A database backup creates a backup copy of the database. This backup can only be read by the same program that created it. CSV is a file type that a database dump can be exported to. CRUD is an acronym for the four general tasks a user needs to perform for a database to function properly: Create, Read, Update, and Delete. Question 18:  Correct A NOT NULL __________ is a rule that prevents certain fields in a database from being left blank. schema constraint query builder scalability EXPLANATION A NOT NULL constraint prevents users from leaving certain fields or columns blank when creating or modifying records in a table. Blank fields contain NULL values. The general database structure is called a schema. A query builder is a method of accessing a database using a graphical user interface that allows users to select what actions they want to perform on a database. Scalability is a general characteristic of databases that allows data to be modified and users to be added without impacting the accessibility and performance of the database. REFERENCES    7.3.1 Relational Databases 7.3.2 Relational Database Facts 7.3.4 Database Structure q_itf_relationaldb_facts_11.question.fex Question 19:  Correct Which SQL command is used to give a user permission to a specific database object? REVOKE UPDATE VALUES GRANT EXPLANATION The GRANT command is used to give a user permission to a specific database object. The REVOKE command removes certain permissions for specific database objects. The UPDATE command makes changes to existing records in a table. The VALUES command tells the database what to write in each field when adding new records to an existing table. Question 20:  Correct The vast amount of data collected from Internet searches, social media posts, customer transactions, military surveillance, medical tests, weather sensors, and other data sources are collectively referred to as ________________. Omni Data Business Data Metadata Big Data EXPLANATION These data are often called "Big Data." REFERENCES   9.2.2 Types of Information Systems   9.3.1 Data and Information Assets 9.2.3 Information System Facts 9.3.2 Data and Information Facts q_itf_bigdata_facts_01.question.fex Question 21:  Correct Which data type uses historical data to make decisions in the present? Conceptual Analytical Logical Operational EXPLANATION Analytical data is historical data that is used to help employees make decisions in the present. It is data that is meant to undergo deeper analysis. Operational data is simply data that is produced by an organization's everyday operations. It is data that is gathered in real time to provide a snapshot of what is happening in the present. A conceptual data model focuses only on high-level concepts. This data model answers the question of what a system contains. A logical data model focuses on how a system should be implemented regardless of the database management system (DBMS) being used. Question 22:  Correct Marty, a database administrator, has added a foreign key to a table in a database. Which of the following describes the purpose of a foreign key? For one database to reference another database. For one table to reference records in another table. To allow the storage of unstructured data. To provide a way to distinguish records within a table. EXPLANATION A foreign key is used when a table in a database will reference records in another table. They do this by using the primary key value of the record they want to reference. When a table uses a primary key from another table, it's called a foreign key. Most records in a database require a way to distinguish them from other records. This unique identifier is called a primary key. While databases can be designed to store unstructured data, primary keys and foreign keys are typically associated with relational databases, which store structured data. Database queries can reference tables from multiple databases. But cross-database queries are not the purpose of foreign keys. REFERENCES  7.3.1 Relational Databases   7.3.2 Relational Database Facts 7.3.4 Database Structure q_itf_relationaldb_facts_13.question.fex Question 23:  Correct Which of the following is a way for programmers and others to make sense of complex business flows? Microsoft Access Primary keys Data modeling Database management system EXPLANATION Data modeling is a way for programmers and others to make sense of complex business flows. These models help organize the data, making sure that there is consistency in the database with things like naming conventions, default values, and security while at the same time making sure that the data is of high quality. A primary key is found in one or more columns of data and contains a unique identifier for the row. This is similar to a home address. A database management system (DBMS) determines the format and structure of a database and provides users with the tools they need to work with the data. Microsoft Access is one of the most popular DBMS programs available. Question 24:  Correct Which database object is essentially questions that we can ask the database? Tables Reports Queries Forms EXPLANATION Queries are essentially questions that we can ask a database. Tables are the backbone of any database. Tables store the information that resides in a database. Forms provide a convenient way for users to enter data into their tables. Reports provide aesthetic, printable summaries of data. They can be based on tables, queries, or both. REFERENCES   7.2.4 Database Management Systems 7.2.5 Database Management System Facts q_itf2_dbms_02.question.fex Question 25:  Correct April is a database manager who wants to insert some new records (rows) into the company's customer contact database. Instead of using a database client to insert the records, she wants to use a command. Which of the following languages provides a command for inserting records into a database? DDL (Data Definition Language) DCL (Data Control Language) HTML (HyperText Markup Language) DML (Data Manipulation Language) EXPLANATION Data Manipulation Language (DML) provides commands that let you insert or update records in a database and provides the INSERT command that April needs. Data Definition Language (DDL) provides commands for changing the structure (schema) of a database. Data Control Language (DCL) provides commands for backing up, restoring, and managing permissions on a database. HyperText Markup Language (HTML) tells web browsers how to display static text on the screen. REFERENCES   7.3.6 Relational Methods 7.4.9 Basic SQL Commands q_itf2_sql_queries.question.fex Question 26:  Correct Which of the following database features would provide a formatted, easy-to-read listing of the results of a query? SQL command Form Report Record EXPLANATION A report is a formatted, easy-to-read listing of the results of a query. Without reports, query results would resemble a spreadsheet. When you search for an online video and are presented with a list of relevant options, the list is a report. Most database users don't write queries in query language directly. Instead, they enter information into a form which then builds the query automatically. A record is a single instance of a thing stored in a database table. SQL commands are used to interact with a database. REFERENCES  7.2.4 Database Management Systems  7.2.5 Database Management System Facts q_itf_relationaldb_facts_10.question.fex Question 27:  Correct Which of the following is found in one or more columns of data and contains a unique identifier for the row? Relationship Attribute Primary key Foreign key EXPLANATION A primary key is found in one or more columns of data and contains a unique identifier for the row. This is similar to a home address. Each entry must have something different in the primary key column. A foreign key is a column that refers to a primary key in another table. These values can be duplicated, and this allows an entry to reference a value from another table. A relationship is an association or dependency between two entities. An attribute is a property or characteristic of an entity. REFERENCES  7.3.1 Relational Databases   7.3.2 Relational Database Facts 7.3.4 Database Structure q_itf2_datamodeling_02.question.fex Question 28:  Correct Vast amounts of data are collected and stored online based on internet searches, social media posts, customer transactions, military surveillance, medical tests, and weather sensors. What is this known as? Data mining Big Data Data analytics Data extraction EXPLANATION Big Data refers to the vast amounts of data collected and stored online based on internet searches, social media posts, customer transactions, military surveillance, medical tests, and weather sensors. The term can also refer to the tools and processes used by data engineers and analysts to make sense of this data. Data mining is a broad and open-ended analysis of extracted data. Data mining experts use automated tools and algorithms to discover trends or patterns in the data. Before analyzing and interpreting Big Data, it needs to be gathered and organized. This process is called data extraction. Big Data analytics is the process of asking specific questions to help interpret data. Question 29:  Incorrect Patricia, a database system manager for a large hotel chain, is setting up a relational database to track customer hotel registrations for each hotel. The table in the database currently includes fields (columns) for First Name, Last Name, Phone, Email, License Plate #, and Check-in Date. What can Patricia do to make sure that each record (row) in the database is unique? Designate the Phone field as the primary key. Designate the License Plate # field as the primary key. Combine the Email field and the Phone field to use as the primary key. Create an additional Check-in ID field. EXPLANATION The additional Check-in ID field could contain a unique ID number for each check-in. It could serve as a primary key. If a customer regularly uses the same hotel, the phone number could be duplicated in several records, and Patricia would not be able to use the column as a primary key. If a customer regularly uses the same hotel, the License Plate # field could be duplicated in several records, and Patricia would not be able to use the column as a primary key. Only one field (column) can be designated as a primary key. REFERENCES    7.3.1 Relational Databases 7.3.2 Relational Database Facts 7.3.4 Database Structure q_itf_relationaldb_field.question.fex Question 30:  Correct Which command is used to add, change, or remove fields on an existing table? CREATE TABLE DROP TABLE INSERT INTO ALTER TABLE EXPLANATION The ALTER TABLE command is used to add, change, or remove fields on an existing table. It also lets you define primary and foreign keys. The CREATE TABLE command can either begin a brand-new database or add a new table to an existing database. The DROP TABLE command deletes an entire table, including all the data stored in it. The INSERT INTO command tells the database which table should store new records being added.