University:
The University of Pittsburgh
Course:
LSAT | Prep Course
Academic year:

2023
Views:

28

Pages:

2
Author:

mns81

LSAT PREP Sage Training – Week 5 Universal Quantifiers vs Existential Quantifiers: Universal Quantifiers:      Relationships, the type between sufficient and necessary conditions. Conditional logic is a language, used to aid our understanding of abstract ideas. o If A than B o Contrapositive statement: if not B than A. Sufficient Conditions: o The term that immediately follows if. o Sufficient = enough, enough to require the other part. o Don’t need more to know its true. o Precipitates the occurrence or truth of something. o Ideas introduced with these words are sufficient conditions:  If, when, where, all, the only, every, any. Necessary Conditions: o Immediately follows the then. o Necessary = required. o This part of conditional statement is required whenever the sufficient term is present. o “Result” – the logical consequence of the trigger in the sufficient term.  Trigger = you have got to have the result. o Ideas introduced with these words are necessary conditions:  Only if, only, only when, only where, always, must, requires. o When you pick an idea then negate that idea then you make it a necessary condition:  Indicators: No, None, Both, Never, Cannot. Contrapositives: o To have a contrapositive, the original necessary and sufficient conditions must switch places and be negated. Existential Quantifiers:    Words that indicate relative relationships in a statement. . Some, Most, Few Example: o Most Dogs are Fluffy.  Most shows the relationship between dogs and fluffy. Some, Most, Few  Some o Speaks of a range o o o o   Most: o o o o Few: o o o o  Lower bound: 1  Higher Bound: 100 Many implies some. Some means at least one, possibly all. 1% to 100% Example:  Some students are stressed.  Some = at least 1 at most = all A majority, possible all. More than 50% Most always implies some. Range: 51% - 100% Less than 50% Few depends on context. Can express some, or most not. Example:  A few of my bank account have money in them.  Could all my bank accounts have money? Some money?