Maternal Immunization | Lecture Note

University:
The University Of Western Ontario
Course:
ANAT 2200B | Systemic Anatomy of the Human Body
Academic year:

2022
Views:

165

Pages:

3
Author:

Kyuwon J.

Maternal immunization ● Vaccination of pregnant individual ○ Protect from infectious disease ■ Associated with… ● Altered cell-mediated immunity ● Increased risk in severe disease ○ ex) COVID-19 ○ Pertussis ● Vaccination is used to reduce material morbidity, hospitalization, and pregnancy complications ○ Preterm birth and secondary to infection ○ Provide passive immunity to babies(fetus) and newborn ■ Through transplacental antibodies ■ Neonates still have immature immune system ● Infant vaccines are not given util age of 8W ● Maternal antibodies will provide with early life protection within the vulnerable window ● Tdap ○ Tetanus ○ Diphtheria ○ Pertussis ■ Recommended for every pregnancy ■ 27-32 weeks gestation ○ High maternal anit-pertussis on antibody level ○ Protection from severe neonatal pertussis ■ Could be fatal ● Influenza ○ Inactivated vaccine ○ Trimester (recommended in any form) ○ Reduced influenza ■ Hospitalization in infants for less then 6 mo ● COVID-19 ○ mRNA approved formation ○ Rec during pregnancy ○ Reduce risk against ICU admission ■ Severe maternal disease ■ Preterm births Mechanisms ● Maternal vaccination ○ Strong IgG antibody productions ○ IgG1 subtype predominant ● Placental transfer ○ IgG bins to neonatal Fc receptors ○ Activation of transport on placenta on fetal circulations ● Fetal neonatal productions ○ Circulating IgG level once at birth ○ Persists week to months Timing ● IgG transfer increases gestational age ● Efficient on third trimester ● Infants receives lower antibody levels ○ Vaccination timing is critical ○ Pregnancy requires repeated vaccinations