Kleinhauer Tests - Edubirdie

University:
The University Of Western Ontario
Course:
ANAT 2200B | Systemic Anatomy of the Human Body
Academic year:

2022
Views:

211

Pages:

3
Author:

Kyuwon J.

Kleinhauer tests ● Maternal blood test for detection and estimation of fetomaternal haemorrhages ○ Fetal RBC in maternal circulations ● Used for guiding anti-D immunoglobulines ○ RhD-negative patients ○ Usually used after sensitizing event ○ Support on evaluation of large FMH ○ Cause fetal compromise Mechanisms ● Fetal hemoglobin ○ Resistant on acid elution compared to adult hemoglobin HbA ■ KB test ● Maternal blood smear exposure to acid ● Maternal RBC looses hemoglobin ○ Pale cell ● Fetal RBC will retain HbF ○ Bright pink or red color ■ Distinct or strong stained cells ● Fetal cell among total RBC ○ Estimate FMH volumes Main indications ● Anti-D immunoglobulin dosing ○ Most common ○ RhD-negative pregnant patient after FMH ■ Antepartum bleedings ● Placenta praevia bleed ■ Abdominal trauma ■ External cephalic version ■ Procedures ● Amniocentesis ● CVS ● Fetal blood sampling ■ IUFD ● Removal of placenta manually ■ Delivery ● Postpartum ● Large once FMH is suspected per protocol ● Suspected FMH ○ Applied once fetal condition suggests significant blood loss ■ Reduction of fetal movements ■ Abnormal fetal heart rate tracing ■ Hydrops ■ Fetal anemia ■ Stillbirth ● Neonatal pallor ● Anemia Performance ● Maternal venous blood samples ● Thin smear prepared ○ Treated with acid ○ Elution of HbA ○ Smear stained ■ Counterstain ○ Microscopist counts fetal cells ■ HbF-positive ■ Set number of RBC ● Around 2000 commonly ● Result will state that ○ % fetal cells ○ Estimated FMH volumes ■ mL fetal of whole body