Pleural Cavity | Lecture Note

University:
The University Of Western Ontario
Course:
ANAT 2200B | Systemic Anatomy of the Human Body
Academic year:

2022
Views:

246

Pages:

3
Author:

Kyuwon J.

Pleura ● Serous membranes on closed sac ● Around each lungs ● Two layers ○ Visceral pleura ■ Tightly stuck on lung surface and fissures ○ Parietal pleura ■ Lines inner thoracic cavity ● Pleural cavity ○ Space between layers ○ Potential space in thin film ■ Serous fluids ○ Functions ■ Lubrication for smooth lung movements ■ Surface tension coupling ● Make lung stuck on thoracic wall for breathing ● Parietal Pleura ○ High yields ○ Costal pleura ■ Inner surface of ribs and intercostal spaces ○ Mediastinal pleura ■ Superior surface of diaphragm ○ Cervical pleura ■ Cupula ■ Extension into root of neck ■ Superior to 1st rib ● Innervation differences ○ Visceral pleura ■ Autonomic ■ Pulmonary plexus ■ Insensitive to pain ■ Mainly stretch and chemical ○ Parietal pleura = somatic ⇒ pain sensitive ■ Costal and peripheral pleura ● Intercostal nerves ■ Central and diaphragmatic ■ Mediastinal pleura ● Phrenic nerves C3-C5 ● Pain can be referred to shoulder C4 ● Pleural reflection ○ Where fluids and air are collected ○ Recess ■ Extra pleural space ■ Not filled by lung during quiet breathing ○ Common recesses ■ Costodiaphragmatic recess ● Important ● Inferolateral pleural gutter ● First place pleural effusion ○ Collected when upright ■ Costomediastinal rhesus ● Near sternum ● Left tends to be larger ○ Cardiac notch ● Inferior border of lung ○ Midclavicular line ■ 6th rib ○ Midaxillary line ■ 8th rib ○ Paravertebral and scapular line ■ 10th rib ● Inferior border of pleura ○ Midclavicular line ■ 8th rib ○ Midaxillary line ■ 10th rib ○ Paravertebral line ■ 12th rib Pleura extends lower compared to lung Recess is accessible through fluid drainage