Atelectasis - Edubirdie

University:
The University Of Western Ontario
Course:
ANAT 2200B | Systemic Anatomy of the Human Body
Academic year:

2022
Views:

144

Pages:

3
Author:

Kyuwon J.

Atelectasis ● Atelectasis ○ Collapse of alveoli → loss in lung volume ● Consolidation ○ Alveoli is filled → volume is preserved ■ Pus ■ Fluid ■ Blood ■ Cells ■ Preservation of volume since there is other stuff in it ● Pressure is still present holding on the alveoli ● Pleural effusion ○ Fluid in pleural space ■ Compression of lung → ventilation reduction from outside Causes ● Atelectasis ○ Obstructive ■ Mucus plug ■ Foreign body ■ Tumor ○ Compressive ■ Big effusion ■ Pneumothorax ○ Post-op ■ Shallow breathing ■ Poor cough could lead to mucus plugging ● Consolidation ○ Pneumonia ○ Pulmonary edema ○ Aspiration ○ Alveolar hemorrhage ● Pleural effusion ○ Heart failure ○ Infection ○ Malignancy ○ Pulmonary embolism ■ Cause depends on context Exam findings ● Atelectasis ○ Inspection ■ Reduction of expansion on affected sides ○ Trachea and mediastinum ■ Shift towards affected side ■ Loss of volume ○ Percussion ■ Dull ○ Breath sounds ■ Reduced ■ Absent ○ Fremitus ■ Reduced ○ Extra clue ■ May have fine crackles ● ● ● ● ■ Early as it reopens Consolidation ○ Percussion ■ Dull ○ Breath sounds ■ Bronchial over the area ○ Increase in fremitus ○ Voice sound increased ■ Egophony/bronchophony ○ Trachea ■ Typically midline ■ No major loss of volume Pleural effusion ○ Percussion ■ Stony dull ○ Breath sounds ■ Reduced or absent over fluid ○ Reduction of fremitus Trachea and mediastinum ○ Large effusion is shifted away ○ Mass effect Above the fluid ○ Hear egophony ○ Upper border