Tracheobronchial Tree

University:
The University Of Western Ontario
Course:
ANAT 2200B | Systemic Anatomy of the Human Body
Academic year:

2022
Views:

425

Pages:

3
Author:

Kyuwon J.

Tracheobronchial tree ● Trachea ○ Extent ■ C6 cricoid ■ T4/5 carina ○ C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings ■ Open part posteriorly ● Trachealis muscles ● Smooth muscles ■ Lining ● Pseudostratified and ciliated columnar epithelium and goblet cells ● Mucociliary escalator ○ Carina ■ Ridge and bifurcation ● Highly sensitive ● Cough reflex ■ Landmark on sternal angle ● T4 and T5 ● Main bronchi ○ Right ■ Wider and shorter ■ More vertical ■ Common side for aspiration ● Food ● Vomit ● Foreign body ○ Left ■ Longer and narrower ■ Oblique ■ Passes through aortic arch ● Anterior to esophagus ● Bronchopulmonary Segments ○ Functionally independent unit ■ One segmental bronchus ■ Segmental pulmonary artery branch ■ Separated from other segments ● Connective tissue septa ○ Veins ■ Pulmonary veins in intersegmental planes ● Drainage shared with adjacent segments ■ Clinical significance ● Segments could be resected individually ● Segmentectomy ● Anatomically discrete ■ Right lungs ● Around 10 segments ● Upper lobes ○ Apical S1 ○ Posterior S2 ○ Anterior S3 ● Middle lobes ○ Lateral S4 ○ Medial S5 ● Lower lobes ○ Superior S6 ○ Medial basal S7 ○ Anterior basal S8 ○ Lateral basal S9 ○ Posterior basal S10 ■ Left lung ● Around 8-10 segments ● Upper lobes ○ Apicoposterior S1,S2 ■ Could be fused ■ Often ○ Anterior S3 ○ Superior lingular S4 ○ Inferior lingular S5 ● Lower lobes ○ Superior S6 ○ Anteromedial basal S7+S8 ■ Often fused ○ Lateral basal S9 ○ Posterior basal S10 ● Posterior dependent aspiration ○ Upright aspiration ■ Go to right lower lobe ■ Basal segments ○ Supine aspiration ■ Go to posterior segments ● Gravity dependent ■ Right upper lobe posterior segment ■ Superior segment of right lower lobe Segment depends on posture at time aspirations ● Carnia ○ T4/5 ○ Cough sensitive (very) ● R main bronchus ○ Aspiration side ● Segmental bronchus and Segmental artery are Segment ● Pulmonary veins = Intersegmental ○ Between two segments