Chapter II: Group Examination Abo Blood

CHAPTER II GROUP EXAMINATION ABO BLOOD BRIEF DESCRIPTION Blood is afor redhuman body fluid and isBlood foundfunctions in a closed circulatory system and is very important survival. to send oxygen and food throughout the body and take carbon dioxide andformetabolism from tissues. Knowing a person' s blood type is very important medical purposes, oneA,of which is transfusion. In general, blood has 4 groups, namely: blood group where bloodhasgroup A anti-A has A and anti-Bblood antigens, blood groupgroup B, which is blood group that B and antigens, group O, blood O, blood group that hasbutantibodies but noantibodies.ABO antigens. , andblood bloodgroup type AB blood typeiswhich has antigens does not have examination carried out groups to determine the uses type the of blood type in humans. Determination ofthe ABO blood generally Slide method. This method is based on principle of the reaction between agglutinogens (antigens)which on theform surface of erythrocytes and agglutinins contained in serum/plasma agglutinations ortype. clots.Antigen‒ The slideThemethod is a simple,blood fast and easyantigens methodarefor checking blood most important group antigens A and on B. The characteristic antigens are at thestrands end ofprotruding the attached sugars directly the cell wall or attached to protein from the bedbilipid. Antiserasupernatantin reagent is a reagent usedcomes to check ABOimmunoglobulin blood groups. Obtained from culture vitrowhich from hybridization ofFormouse cells,inand thetype results of theantisera examination willA,form agglutination. example, blood A, when reagent antisera reagent B, and antisera reagent AB are added, agglutination occurs in the blood that is dripped with antisera B and AB reagents, whereas in antisera reagent AB no agglutination is formed. In terms of reagents, this method is less economical, so serumblood canfluid. be used as a reagent inareexamining ABOnamely blood groups. Serum is a yellow In serum there two proteins, albumin and globulin. Antibodieswhich are inaretheresponsible serum because blood group antibodies areto globulin proteins, for the body' s natural immunity fight foreign antigens. PRINCIPLES OF EXAMINATION The antigen-antibody reaction will form agglutination (clumps). Then observe the lump. PURPOSE OF EXAMINATION The to: expected competencies after doing this practicum are students will be able 1. Know and observe blood type types in humans 2.examination. Able to explain and master the principles of simple immunological STUDY GUIDE To achieve competency in carrying out this practicum, students must first 1. Read and understand the contents of this learning module. 2. Explain and define blood group examination. 3. Practice blood group identification observation checks. 4. Make a results report after the practical lecture. PRACTICUM 2 (ABO BLOOD GROUP EXAMINATION) 150 Minutes EXAMINATION PROCEDURE A. Tools and Materials 1. Glass slide/ AB0 reading paper. 2. Stick. 3. Reagents (Anti sera A and Anti sera B). 4. Capillary blood. B. How to Check 1. Prepare a glass object that has been cleaned with alcohol. 2. Drop 1 drop of antisera A and antisera B onto the glass object. 3. Place 1 drop of capillary blood next to the anti-sera. 4. Homogenize using a stick. 5. Observe the agglutination. C. Interpretation of Results • Blood type A if: agglutination forms on A anti-sera. • Blood group B if: agglutination forms on B anti-sera • Blood type O if: no agglutination is formed in both anti-sera. • Blood type AB if: agglutination forms in both anti-sera. EXERCISE 1. Blood type 0 is said to be universal because a. Can donate to all blood types. b. Can accept all blood types. c. Contains anti sera and AB0 group. d. Cannot accept blood types A and B. e. can only accept blood type 0. 2.donating, An ATLMthen getsthea blood sample to immediately check the blood type before lab check includes? a. Check blood type. b. Check blood type and cross match. c. Complete blood examination was carried out. d. Disease screening, blood type check and cross match e. Just do a cross match. 3.namely White blood cells which play a role in the body's response to form antibodies, a. Monocyte cells b. Macrophage cells c. Basophil cells d. T lymphocyte cells e. B lymphocyte cells SUMMARY •inWhite blood cells leukocyte cells function as a defense system (immunity) the human body oragainst pathogens. •lymphocyte White bloodcells cellsand consist of basophil monocyte cells. cells, eosinophil cells, neutrophil cells, •agrunolocytes. Leukocyte cells are categorized into 2, namely granulocyte cells and GLOSSARY 1. A microscope is a tool for observing micron-sized objects. 2.microscope Immersionobservations. oil, namely oil used to assist with 1000x magnification for 3. Thin blood slides, namely venous blood smears, are painted using Giemsa