Chapter IV: Asto Or Aso Practicum (Anti Streptolysin O)

CHAPTER IV ASTO/ASO PRACTICUM (Anti-Streptolysin O) BRIEF DESCRIPTION Streptococcus Beta-hemolytic produces several types of intracellular andin the extracellular antigens which can stimulate the formation of antibodies sufferer' scause blood.erythrocyte Examples lysis, include streptolysinwhich O which iscatalyze formedthe by group Aof and can streptokinase can change plasminogen totypes plasmin, deoxyribonuclease Bantigens, enzymes,thehyaluronidase andis several other of enzymes. Among these most important streptolysin O, because 80% ofincrease sufferers are infected with it Streptococcusbeta hemolytic group A shows an in ASO titers in the patient' s blood. Determination of ASO titers becomes important because of infection Streptococcus can cause other complications or indirectly cause ansuch as immunological response that results in abnormalities in the body rheumatic fever, acute glomerulo nephritis and erythema nodosum. PRINCIPLES OF EXAMINATION Acoagulates suspension of latex particles coated antibodies with Streptolysin Oinantigen and of in the presence of specific present the serum patients with infectionsStreptococcal ß‒hemolytic (groups A and C). PURPOSE OF THE EXAMINATION The to: expected competencies after doing this practicum are students will be able 1. Know and practice the ASTO/ASO (Antistreptolysin O) examination. 2. Be able to explain and interpret antistreptolysin O protein in patient serum. STUDY GUIDE To achieve competency in carrying out this practicum, students must first 1. Read and understand the contents of this learning module. 2. Explain and define the ASTO/ASO (Antistreptolysin O) examination. 3.examinations. Practice examining and observing ASTO/ASO (Anti-streptolysin O) 4. Make a results report after the practical lecture. PRACTICUM 4 ASTO/ASO (Anti-streptolysin O) -150 Minutes EXAMINATION PROCEDURE A. Tools and Materials 1. Latex paper 2. Stick 3.Sodium ASO Latex: azide Suspension 0.95 g /L . of white latex particles coated with streptolysin O. 4. Positive control: stable serum: Sodium azide 0.95 g/L. 5. Negative control: stable serum: Sodium azide 0.95 g/L. 6. Rotators. B. How to Check 1) Qualitative Test Procedure a. Place reagents and samples until room temperature. b.intoPlace 50 µl circles of sample andslide. 1 drop of positive control and negative control separate on the c. Carefully homogenize the latex reagent. d.tested. Add one drop (50 µL) of latex reagent to each circle next to the sample to be e. Mix using a drop stirrer/stirrer. f. Spin the card at 100 rpm for 2 minutes. 2) Semi Quantitative Test Procedure a.5. Do Using semi-automatic notaspread saline. pipette, add 50µl of 9 g/L saline to circles 2, 3, 4 and b. Add 50 µl of patient sample to circles 1 and 2. c.being Mixcareful the saline and sample in circleof2 bubbles. by working the mixture up and down to avoid the formation d. Transfer 50µl from circle 2 to the saline in circle 3. e.lastPerform serial dilutions circle, discard 50 µl. in the same way until the last circle. Next, in the f. Carefully homogenize the latex reagent. g.theAdd one drop µL) of latex reagent to each circle next to the dilution of sample to be(50 tested. h. Mix using a drop stirrer/stirrer. i. Spin the card at 100 rpm for 2 minutes. j.agglutination The results are looking at the by lastthedilution that still shows andobserved the resultsbyare multiplied sensitivity. C. Interpretation of Results 1.agglutination Results are observed macroscopically for the presence or absence of clots or within 1 minute of the rotator. 2.content The presence of visible agglutination indicates an anti-streptolysin O = 200IU/mL. 3.AnSerum titerofisthedefined as the highestcontained dilution showing positive agglutination. estimate ASO titer (IU/mL) in the sample can be obtained by multiplying the titer by the sensitivity limit (200 IU/mL). For example: ASO (IU/mL) = highest dilution with a positive reaction x 200 4.higher ASO titer is foundcan in 95% of theinhealthy adult population, values= 200 (upIU/mL to 300 IU/mL) be found children. EXERCISE 1. Bacterial infectionStreptococcuscan cause clinical complications, except? a. Anemia. b. Rheumatism. c. Acute glomerulonephritis. d. Erythema nodosum. e. Immunologic response 2.after Ancarrying ATLM obtained a blood sample from a patient withwasrheumatic symptoms out an examination but no agglutination found. so what action do you take? a. Re-examination (duplo) was carried out. b. Observe under a microscope so that the agglutination is clearer. c. The results are carried out as they are d. Check the patient's history e. First, see whether the antigen and control are still good. 3. StreptolysinOformed by groupAand can cause? a. Erythrocyte lysis. b. Platelet cell changes. c. Blood circulation is disturbed. d. Neutropenia. e. Aplastic anemia. SUMMARY • Streptococcusis a bacterium that causes clinical complications. •bacterium The speciesthatcausing diseasefever. vizStreptococcusBetahemolytic is a causesthe typhoid •abnormalities Complicated diseases include causing immunological responses that cause in the body such as rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis, erythema nodosum. •observe The ASTO/ASO test isand an examination to confirm the diagnosis in patients to agglutination titer. GLOSSARY 1.system. Antigens are foreign objects that are detected in the human body's immune 2. Agglutination, namely lumps due to the reaction of antigen and antibody. 3.agglutination Titer, namelyor the clots.interpretation of the results from the level of 4.dueImmunologic to pathogen response, responsesnamely disturbances in the body's immune system