Wuchereria Bancrofti Reference Materials

Wuchereria bancrofti Adult worm infectionWuchereria bancrofticausebancroftian filariasis,while worm larvae (microfilariae) can causeoccult filariasis.Wuchereria bancroftiAdults live in human lymph channels and lymph nodes. This filariasis is widespread in tropical and subtropical areas in Asia, Africa, America and Europe, while in Indonesia there are 26 provinces which are filariasis endemic areas with a microflarial rate (Mf rate) of 3.1%. Thus, around 6 million Indonesians have been infected with filariasis. Pathological Changes and Clinical Symptoms Wuchereria bancroftiBoth adults and microfilariae can cause pathological disorders. Due to mechanical irritation and toxic secretions released by female worms, this will cause the appearance oflymphangitisin lymph vessels. Apart from that, dead adult worms can cause lymphangitis and sometimes blockages or lymphatic obstructionin lymph flow due to fibrosis of the lymph channels and proliferation of the lymph channel endothelium. This obstruction causes varicose veins and lymph channels elephantiasisas well ashydrocele.If the lymphatic ducts of the bladder, varicose veins or kidneys rupture, the lymph fluid can enter the patient's urine stream through the mucous membrane of the urinary tract. This causes the urine to become milky white and contain fat, albumin and fibrinogen. Urine that is white like milk is called kiluria, which sometimes also contain microfilariae.In Bancrofti filariasis, chronic elephantiasis can affect both arms, legs, breasts, testicles or vulva, which can only be corrected through surgery. Diagnosis of Bancrofti filariasis Bancrofti filariasis begins with the occurrence of acute lymphangitis with symptoms in the form of palpable lymph channels, swelling of the lymph channels, which apart from being red, is also accompanied by pain. After that the sufferer will experience fever accompanied by chills. Next, the sufferer will show symptoms and complaintslymphadenitis, orchitis, funiculitisAndabscess.Lymphatic channel obstruction can cause various clinical consequences in the form of:lymphatic varicose veins, hydrocele, chyluria, lymphscrotum Andelephantiasis. A definite diagnosis of filariasis bancrofti can be established if a blood test (thick drops) microfilaria were foundWuchereria bancroftiwhich is typical in peripheral blood. Sometimes microfilariae are also found in lymphatic varicose exudates and hydrocele fluid. At the beginning of the onset of symptoms, microfilariae cannot be found. Also, microfilariae cannot be found after lymphangitis occurs due to the death of adult worms and if elephantiasis occurs due to lymphatic obstruction. On lymph node biopsy, adult worms can sometimes be found.Blood examination of the patient showed eosinophilia between 5% -kiluria,clinical15%. Immunological examinations such as the Complement Fixation Test, Indirect Hemagglutination Test, or Indirect Immunofluorescence Examination can be carried out to help confirm the diagnosis of filariasis. Treatment of Bancroftian Filariasis Currently, the most widely used to treat Bancrofti filariasis is Diethylcarbamacin citrate(Diethylcarbamazine citrate, DEC) which is given at a dose of 6 mg/kg body weight/day given once. DEC is intended to eradicate microfilariae, treat filariasis in the acute stage, to treat chyluria, lymphedema, and is given in the early stages of elephantiasis. DEC can also be given for 14 days with the following dosage settings: day1: 50 mg; 2nd day: 3x50mg; 3rd day: 3x100 mg; days 4 to 14: 3x2 mg/kg body weight/day.In mass treatment (mass treatment) in epidemic areas, DEC is given 6 mg/kg body weight per day which is given once a month, 12 times.If allergies occur or heat and pain arise, antihistamines, analgesics and antipyretics can be given as needed.If advanced hydrocele or elephantiasis has occurred, these complications of filariasis can only be treated through surgery. Prevention of Bancroftian Filariasis To prevent the transmission of filariasis, the actions that must be taken are to carry out mass treatment for residents of filariasis endemic areas, preventive treatment for immigrants from non-filariasis endemic areas, and eradicate mosquitoes which are the vector of transmission in these areas. Apart from that, efforts must be made to ensure that the environment is free from mosquito vectors and prevent mosquito bites using repellents or mosquito nets at bedtime