University:
University of Edinburgh
Course:
BILG08011 | Animal Biology 2
Academic year:

2022
Views:

192

Pages:

56
Author:

Litimh2go

Farm Detectives What are microorganisms? microorganism tiny Bacteria a living thing Fungi Viruses There’s trouble on the farm! Call the vet! Bacteria Culture We will grow the bacteria for a few hours at 37°C We need your help! • What caused the illness? Bacteria Identification- rod or cocci? Rod Cocci (round) Bacteria come in all shapes and sizes. This can sometimes help us tell them apart. Gram Staining Gram staining Gram staining is a technique scientists use tell identify different bacteria. Bacteria Identification- Gram + or - ? Gram positive Gram negative Bacteria Identification Match the what you see down microscope with the descriptions. Bacillus subtilis Bacillus subtilis bacteria are rodshaped and Gram-positive, so they stain purple in a Gram test. Streptococcus equi Streptococcus equi bacteria are round (cocci) and Gram-positive, so they stain purple in a Gram test. B.subtilis often grows in long chains. S.equi grows in long chains, but these are often broken up during staining so they may appear as single cells. Staphylococcus aureus Salmonella Staphylococcus aureus bacteria are round (cocci) and Gramnegative, so they stain pink in a Gram test. Salmonella bacteria are rod-shaped and Gram-negative, so they stain pink in a Gram stain test. S.aureus grows in clusters like bunches of grapes. They often are seen growing separately. Record your answers in your worksheet. Bacillus subtilis Streptococcus equi Staphylococcus aureus Salmonella Did you identify the bacteria? cocci rod positive 2 negative 3 rod cocci positive negative 4 1 What caused our cow’s illness? Bacteria on slide 2 came from our sick cows. Salmonella The diagnosis • Salmonellosis • Caused by Salmonella bacteria • Infects: and humans! We need your help! • What caused the illness? • Where did it come from? • How did it spread? Track the Disease Spread Farms and Farmers Public Health Investigators Where did the disease come from? Which farmers have sick cows? Use the farmers to help you. Place the action cards on the map! Where did the disease come from? Use the clue cards to help you: Where did the disease come from? It came from Cows-4-Less. How did it spread? It spread to Farmer Eric’s cows in the flood water. We need your help! • What caused the illness? • Where did it come from? • How did it spread? • What type of Salmonella is it? How do bacteria grow and reproduce? It reproduces by splitting in half. mitosis How fast to bacteria reproduce? It reproduces every 20 minutes. Can you work out how many there will be? You will need Time Passed (minutes) Number of Bacteria 0 1 20 2 40 4 60 8 80 16 100 32 300 32, 768 Are all salmonella bacteria the same? Salmonella typhi Salmonella gallinarium Salmonella dublin Salmonella typhimurium Which type of salmonella do our cows have? Salmonella Safety first! Agglutination (stick-together) test You will need: 4 tubes of liquid 1 plate 1) Put 2ml of bacteria into four of the wells. 1 tube of bacteria from a sick cow 1 pipette How does the test work? Test liquids Salmonella typhi Salmonella gallinarium Test liquid bacteria Salmonella dublin Salmonella typhimurium Agglutination (gloopy) test 2) Put 5 drops of each liquid into one well. Which test liquid made the bacteria clumpy? Salmonella typhi Salmonella gallinarium Salmonella dublin Salmonella typhimurium Which type of salmonella do our cows have? The agglutination test shows our sick cows have got.. Salmonella dublin We need your help! • What caused the illness? • Where did it come from? • How did it spread? • What type of Salmonella is it? • What can we do to stop the disease from spreading? How do bacteria spread? How would you stop the spread of Salmonella dublin? We need your help! • What caused the illness? • Where did it come from? • How did it spread? • What type of Salmonella is it? • What can we do to stop the disease from spreading? Have you been contaminated? Did you touch the giant bacteria? Swab my School EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AIM HYPOTHESIS What do we want to find out? What do you think the result will be? RESULTS CONCLUSION What did you see? Plate section 1 2 3 4 How did you do the experiment? What do you need to do the experiment? Is the experiment fair? What one thing are you changing? What did you find out? Was your hypothesis correct? Number of colonies Count the colonies How do you treat bacterial infections? What is antibiotic resistance? What are mutations? Bacteria Evolution 3x All of your bacteria triple Bacterial Evolution Game Aim • Be the player with the most bacteria at the end of the game. Set up Each group of four players will need: • Mutation spinner • Dice • Counters each player should choose a colour and select 10 small counters (1 bacterium) and 10 square counters (10 bacteria) of that colour. • Mutation cards – sort into piles and place on the table - positive, negative, neutral and antibiotic resistance • Chance cards - shuffle and place face down on the table. How to play Each player starts the game with one counter (bacterium) of their chosen colour. Each round has three phases: 1. Mutation Spin the spinner to decide your mutation type 2. Reproduction Multiply your bacteria 3. Environmental Factors One player rolls the dice to decide whether you draw a chance card Phase 1- Mutation 1) Each player spins the spinner 2) Take mutation card that matches the colour– it will tell you what effect the mutation has on your future growth. All of your bacteria triple 3) Once you have a mutation, you keep it and its effect on your growth rate for all following turns, unless you get another mutation Phase 2 - Reproduction • All players increase their bacterial populations, according to their mutation status Antibiotic resistance mutation: Has no effect on growth, reproduce as for neutral mutation, 2x As bacterial numbers increase, use large counters to represent ten bacteria. Phase 3- Environmental phase • One player rolls the dice – if 4, 5 or 6 is rolled, a chance card is taken from the top of the pack. The winner is the player with the most bacteria at the end of the game. Thank You Farm Detectives