Macromolecule Comparison Chart Macromolecules, Biomolecules, Organic Compunds Elements "From the Periodic Table of Elements Carbohydrates Subunits Monomers, Building Blocks Organic molecules are based on CARBON. Functions: Why are they important? Carbohydrates are built by combining monosaccharides (simple sugars) "Short-term energy storage Quick-release energy Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen 1-2:1 ratio Ex: CHO Glucose (sample sugar) C.H.O Examples: Where can we find them? *Starch Test(s) *Glycogen (liver) *Sugars-glucose, fructose, sucrose *Celluose-plant cell walls Iodine: turns purple/blue in the presence of starch Benedict's Solution: turns copper in the presence of simple sugars such as glucose *Insulation: store body Fats heat Oils *Protection: cell membranes Waxes Brown Paper Bag Test Sudan III/IV (Turns fats red) *Long-term energy storage Steroids Cholesterol None Lipids: Fats Nucleic Acids Found in the cell nucleus Proteins C,H, very little O Carbon, hydrogen, very little oxygen Fatty Acids C,H,O,N, P Nucleotides Store and transmit genetic information Carbon, Hydrogen Oxygen, Nitrogen Phosphorus C,H,N,O, P,S Carbon, hydrogen, mugen, oxygen, phosphorus, vulfur made of 1) Nitrogen base 2) Sugar compound 3) Phosphate group Amino Acids *Joined by peptide bonds to form a polypeptide chain (protein) DNA Deoxyribonucleicacid Sugar: deoxyribose RNA Ribonucleicacid Sugar: ribose "Change the rate of chemical reactions (enzymes) *regulate cell proсене *Give bodies structure *Transport materials into and out of the cell Ex: oxygen (hemoglobin) *Enzymes End in "ase" *Hemoglobin Biuret Test: blue solution turns violet in the presence of proteins or any molecule with peptide bonds