Chapter 32 - An Overview of Animal Diversity

Chapter 32 - An Overview of Animal Diversity Among the characteristics unique to animals is _____ Soon after the coelom begins to form, a researcher injects a dye into the coelom of a deuterostome embryo. Initially, the dye should be able to ßow directly into the _____ An adult animal that possesses bilateral symmetry is not certainly also _______ What do animals as divers as corals and monkeys have in common? What is true of the deuterostomes in the molecular phylogeny (B) that is not true in the traditonasl phylogeny (A)? Which of the following is ( are ) unique to animals? According to the phylogenies depicted in the previous pair of Þgures, if one were to create a taxon called Radiate that included all animal species whoÕs members have true radial symmetry, then such a taxon would be______ According to the evidence collected so far, the animal kingdom is _____ What is the probable sequence in which the following clades of animals originated, from earliest to most recent? 1. Tetrapods 2. Vertebrates 3. Deuterostomes 4. Amniotes 5. Bilaterians A student encounters an animal embryo at the eight-cell stage. The four smaller cells comprise one hemisphere of the embryo seem to be rotated 45 degrees and to lie in the grooves between larger, underlying cells (i.e., spiral cleavage) Which of the following was probably the least important factor in bringing about the Cambrian explosion? The previous picture shows a chart of the animal kingdom set up as a modiÞed phylogenic tree. Use the diagram to answer the following questions. Which two groups have members that undergo ecdysis? If a multicellular animal lacks true tissues, then it can properly be included among the_______ The blastopore is a structure that Þrst becomes evident during ______ Arthropods invaded land about 100 million years before vertebrates did so. This most clearly implies that ______ What is true of the clade Ecdysozoa? Some researchers claim that sponge genomes have homeotic genes, but no Hot genes. If true, this Þnding would______ Whatever its ultimate cause(s), the Cambrian explosion is a prime example of ________ Phylogenic trees are best described as ________ In the traditional phylogeny (A), the phylum Platyhelminthes is depicted as a sister taxon to the rest of the protostome phyla, and masa having diverged earlier from the lineage that led to the rest of the protostomes. In the molecular phylogeny (B), Platyhelminthes is depicted as a lophotrochozoan phylum. What probably led to this change? Which distinction is given more emphasis by the morphological phylogeny than by the molecular phylogen At which developmental stage should one be able to Þrst distinguish a protostome embryo from a deuterostome embryo? At which developmental stage should one be able to Þrst distinguish a diploblastic embryo from a triploblastic embryo? A student encounters an animal embryo at the eight-cell stage. The four smaller cells comprise one hemisphere of the embryo seem to be rotated 45 degrees and to lie in the grooves between larger, underlying cells (i.e., spiral cleavage). If we were to separate these eight cells and attempt to culture them individually, then what is most likely to happen? The distinction between sponges and other animal phyla is based mainly on the absence versus the presence of _______ Chapter 33 - An Introduction to Invertebrates Which characteristic(s) is (are) shared by both cnidarians and ßatworms? Which phylum is characterized by animals that have a segmented body? Nematode worms and annelid worms share which of the following features? Larvae of many common tapeworm species that infect humans are usually found _______ A shared derived characteristic for members of arthropod subgroup that includes spiders would be the presence of __________ Which clade in the phylum Cnidaria includes ÒjelliesÓ with rounded (as exposed to boxlike) medusae? Which would be the most effective method of reducing the incidence of blood ßukes in a human population? Which of the following is found only among annelids? Among the invertebrate phyla, phylum Arthropoda is unique in processing members that have. ________ Sponges are most accurately described as ______ The possession of two pairs of antennae is a characteristic of __________ Which of the following animal groups is entirely aquatic? A spongeÕs structural materials (spicules, spongin) are manufactured by the ________ How many of the following can be observed ed int he mesophyll of various undisturbed sponges at one time or another? 1. Amoebocytes 2. Spicules 3. Spongin 4. Zygotes 5. Choanocytes How many of the following are characteristics of arthropods? 1. Protostome development 2. Bilateral symmetry 3. A pseudocoelon 4. Three embryonic germ layers 5. A closed circulatory system A land snail, a clam, and an octopus all share ________ The teacher and class were especially saddened when the colonial hydrozoan died. They had watched it carefully, and the unfortunate creature never even got to produce offspring by budding. Yet, everyone was elated when Tommy (now recovered) noticed a small colonial hydrozoan growing in a part of the tank far from the location of the original colony. The teacher was apparently unaware that these hydrozoans exhibit _______ Which mollusk clade includes members that undergo embryonic torsion? The heart worms that can accumulate within the hearts of dogs and other mammals have a pseudocoelom, an alimentary canal, and an outer covering that is occasionally shed. To which phylum does the heart worm belong? A terrestrial animal species is discovered with the following larval characteristics: exoskeleton, system of tubes for gas exchange, and modiÞed segmentation. A knowledgeable zoologist should predict that the adults of this species would also feature ________ This nudibranch, a type of sea slug, has many reddish create on its dorsal surface, as well as two, white-tipped rhino-horse located on the head. Which structure do sea slugs use to feed on their prey? Which of the following is a characteristic of nematodes? The organ(s) of respiratory gas. Exchange in oligochaete is (are) ______ This nudibranch, a type of sea slug, has many reddish create on its dorsal surface, as well as two, white-tipped rhino-horse located on the head. Sea slugs can obtain nematocysts by preying on sea _____ Which of the following combinations of phylum and description is incorrect? In terms of food capture, which sponge cell is out similar to the cnidocyte of a cnidarian? The excretory organs of annelids are ______ The water vascular system of echinoderms _______ Which of the following is true of members of the phylum Cnidaria? This nudibranch, a type of sea slug, has many reddish create on its dorsal surface, as well as two, white-tipped rhino-horse located on the head. The nematocysts of sea slugs should be most effective at protecting individual sea slugs from predation if the predators ______