Sys Path Exam 2

SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY EXAMZ LECTURE Hepatobiliary System YorphologicDiagnosis Non tumors Ex Hepatitisacutemultifocal mild tissue Pancreatichypoplasiadiffusesevere process duration distribution severity Tumor Ex biliarycarcinomaliver cancertype insulinoma pancreas Organ Liver normalappearance smoothcapsularsurface reddish browncolor MD friabletexture dividedintolobes rightlobeleftlobecaudatequadrate periphery lobestaperintosharpedges fffY ftp Liversize weighduring PM largestinternalorgan BW adult carnivores 3 4 adult omnivores 21 adult herbivores Liver PortalTriad hepaticartery F.FIff 30 401 oftotal bloodflow dualbloodsupply oxygenrich blood portalveln 60 70 0ftotalbloodflow nutrientrich deoxygenatedbloodfrompancreasspleen GI bileduct bile blood bileflow in oppositedirections hepaticvein leavesliver drains intocaudal vena cava Biliarysystem bile isproducedin hepatocytes flowsoppositetobloodflow canaliculi cholangioles canalsofHering commonbileduct gallbladder bileductules gallbladderisabsentin horse rat elephant somebirds Celltypes stellatecells fibrosisafterinjury ovalcells stemcells candifferentiateinto hepatocytes orbiliarycells khthahmage Kupffercells macrophages Normal HepaticFunction metabolism protein cholesterolsynthesis immunefunction Bileand Bilirubin excretion of bile main exocrinefunctionof liver bile water cholesterol bile acid bilirubin Inorganic ions 3 majorpurposes for bilesynthesis excretion of body'swasteproducts facilitatedigestion lipids providebuffers neutralize pH mean 3 principlefunctions of bileacids Maintenance of cholesterolhomeostasis stimulation of bile flow digestion absorption of fats fat solublevitamins n ff.fiffffft f same i gg ii T.at d eaads extrahepatic smallbreed d chdetehfw.swolien extrabitenblood isenimnbiieaudieres by bileacidremoval intrahepatic largebreed deareabsorbed in ifiaf.gg circulation qgstemic if Other hepatocytes is lessefficient impalfection portalvein d puts Metabolism carbohydrates glucosestoredas glycogen gluconeogenesis orglycolysis ofstoredglycogen lipids production degradationofplasmalipids cholesteroltriglyceridesphospholipidslipoproteins cholesterol synthesized secreted degradedbyhepatocytes hepatocytes synthesizeFA whenenergylevelsarehigh oxidizeFA energysource xenobiotics foreignsubstances drugstoxinsalcohol cytochrome7450enzyme ammonia nightytoxic breakdownofAA ammonia urea me 0 HepaticEncephalopathy abnormal NHzmetabolism neurologicalsignsaftereating headpressing blindness staggering kidney intestine proteinsynthesis 15 bodyproteinsproducedbyliver hepatocytecellhas rER thatmakesproteins mmuneFunction systemicimmunity bloodstream localimmunity Kupffercells NKcells mucosalimmunity IgA Portals OfEntryIntoLiver directextension hematogenous retrogradebiliarytransport HepatobiliaryInjury principaltargets of liverdisease epithelialcells hepatocytes biliaryepithelium necrosis unorganizedcelldeath apoptosis programmedcelldeath coagulativenecrosis lyticnecrosis 3 main patterns random zonal massive Random ii too to fᵈfdmfoqfdddmyqauf ddidio aih'films fdddnoaaqzffdqma.am imy.fi ago i iii sieii.iiiiiiiii see ii iio.io ii i.ioiiiiiozfii.io i 0 i.io ii ii io to 0 io see ii i too ii Zonal i ii.fii.iiiioi.i i i ddhiq fafif.tk ayoafa.i fiddinfiddiffaraithadoan aggmiaao i Massive fffkfifmfdk'thdhamfiddffanguiddhyaya qnf.fm off i midzonal w0 so io ie.oi.i a0 a io ie io iaioogioo no too 0 ii ii oo o.io iioo.e.oo.s.o.i.o.io paracentral bridging no ro mn necrosisofentirehepaticlobulenotentireliver CV ᵈddyympoymmfhhfay i iiiii iiii i ago centrilobular i ii Mmmm periportal w m