Human Anatomy and Physiology 1-27 Answers

Question type: Multiple Choice 1) Which is not a major function of the kidney? a) regulation of blood ionic composition b) regulation of blood cell size c) regulation of blood volume d) regulation of blood pressure e) regulation of blood pH Answer: b 2) This is the formation of a new glucose molecule. a) glycolysis b) gluconeogenesis c) glucosamine d) glucose e) calcitriol Answer: b 3) Which of the following is a waste product normally excreted by the kidneys? a) urea b) glucose c) insulin d) cholesterol e) carbon dioxide Answer: a 4) This is smooth dense irregular connective tissue that is continuous with the outer coat of the ureter. a) adipose capsule b) renal capsule c) renal hilus d) renal cortex e) renal medulla Answer: b 5) The portion of the kidney that extends between the renal pyramids is called the a) renal columns b) renal medulla c) renal pelvis d) calyces e) renal papilla Answer: a 6) Which is the correct order of blood flow through the kidneys? a) renal artery > segmental artery > interlobular artery > peritubular capillaries > afferent arterioles b) interlobar arteries > arcuate arteries > glomerular capillaries > arcuate veins c) arcuate veins > arcuate arteries > glomerular capillaries > renal vein d) renal vein > segmental arteries > interlobar arteries > efferent arterioles e) interlobar veins > afferent arterioles > efferent arterioles > glomerular capillaries Answer: b 7) Which is the correct order of filtrate flow? a) glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule (DCT), collecting duct b) loop of Henle, glomerular capsule, PCT, DCT, collecting duct c) ascending limb of loop, PCT, DCT, collecting duct d) collecting duct, DCT, PCT, collecting duct, glomerular capsule e) PCT, glomerular capsule, DCT, collecting duct, loop of Henle Answer: a 8) Which structure of the nephron reabsorbs the most substances? a) glomerular capsule b) loop of Henle c) ascending limb d) collecting duct e) proximal convoluted tubule Answer: e 9) This is the structure of the nephron that filters blood. a) glomerular capsule b) loop of Henle c) ascending limb d) collecting duct e) renal corpuscle Answer: a 10) This term means the return of substances into the blood stream from the filtrate. a) reabsorption b) filtration c) secretion d) excretion e) none of these choices Answer: a 11) This is a nephron process that results in a substance in blood entering the already formed filtrate. a) reabsorption b) filtration c) secretion d) excretion e) none of these choices Answer: c 12) This layer of filtration membrane is composed of collagen fibers and proteoglycans in a glycoprotein matrix. a) glomerular endothelial cells b) basal lamina c) pedicels d) filtration slits e) slit membrane Answer: b 13) This occurs when stretching triggers contraction of smooth muscle walls in afferent arterioles. a) glomerular filtration rate b) tubulomerular feedback c) myogenic mechanism d) renal autoregulation e) capsular hydrostatic pressure Answer: c 14) This occurs when a substance passes from the fluid in the tubular lumen through the apical membrane, across the cytosol, and then into the interstitial fluid. a) paracellular reabsoprtion b) transcellular reabsoprtion c) apical reasborption d) basolateral reabsorption e) active transport Answer: b 15) The proximal convoluted tubules reabsorb which percentage of filtered water? a) 25% b) 50% c) 65% d) 80% e) 99% Answer: c 16) Which of the following is NOT a way angiotensin II affects the kidneys? a) It increases GFR b) It can decrease GFR c) It enhances reabsorption of certain ions d) It stimulates the release of aldosterone e) None of these choices Answer: a 17) Urea recycling can cause a buildup of urea in the a) renal capsule b) loop of Henle c) ascending tubule d) renal medulla e) renal pelvis Answer: d 18) Increased secretion of hydrogen ions would result in a ______________ of blood ____________? a) increase, pressure b) decrease, volume c) increase, sodium levels d) decrease, pH e) increase, urea Answer: d 19) Increased secretion of aldosterone would result in a ______________ of blood ____________? a) increase, potassium b) decrease, volume c) increase, calcium levels d) decrease, pH e) increase, sodium Answer: e 20) An analysis of the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine is called a) urinalysis b) filtration study c) concentration study d) diuretic e) osmolarity Answer: a 21) Water accounts for which percentage of the total volume of urine? a) 25% b) 50% c) 75% d) 80% e) 95% Answer: e 22) This is a test to measure kidney function. a) Plasma creatinine b) Renal study c) Kidney assay d) Dialysis e) Hilus study Answer: a 23) This transports urine from the kidney to the bladder. a) Urethra b) Ureter c) Descending loop of Henle d) Renal hilus e) None of these choices Answer: b 24) This layer of the ureter is composed of connective tissue, collagen and elastic fibers. a) Mucosa b) Transitional epithelium c) Lamina propria d) Adventitia e) Lamina elastica Answer: c 25) This lies in the anterior corner of the trigone of the bladder. a) Urethral sphincter b) Adventitia bundle c) Ureter d) Internal urethral orifice e) Muscularis bundle Answer: d 26) This is composed of dense irregular tissue that runs continuous with the ureter. a) A b) B c) C Answer: c 27) This layer’s main function is to protect the kidney from trauma and hold it in place within the abdominal cavity. a) A b) B c) C Answer: b