Brain Function Chart

Location/Lobe Cerebral cortex Primary motor cortex Premotor cortex Precentral gyrus of frontal lobes both hemisphere Anterior to the precentral gyrus in the frontal lobe Function(s) Motor control of skeletel muscles through pyramid cells. Large cells allow concius control of muscles through pyramidal tracts aka. Corticospinal tracts. Areas are represented as Motor Homunculus where areas of the body are mapped and higher sensitivity areas have more space on brain. Helps plan volentary movement into more complex tasks. Coordinates actions of multiple muscle groups either simulatneuosly or sequentially. Adjusts movments based on feedback, ie. Feeling for lightswitch in dark. White or Gray? Gry Gry Broca's area Anterior to the inferior region of premotor area. Only in one hemisphere, usually left. Involved in muscle control for speech. Is found to be active even before speech happens in planning stages and even during thoughts about speech. Gry Frontal eye field partially in and anterior to the premotor cortex and superior tp Broca's area Region controls volentary motion of theeyes Gry Primary somatosensory cortex postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe, just posterior to primary motor cortex Neurons in this area receive stimuli from the somatic nervous system and are mapped on somatosensory homunculus which is similar to the Gry motor hounculus. Sensory information from skin receptors as well as body possition through sensory receptors in skeletel muscle provide spatial discrimination or awarness of the body and its position in respect to its surounding environment. Somatosensory cortex just posterior to the primary somatosensory cortex. Has many conntections to Primary somatosensory cortex. Integration of sensory inputs ie. Tempurature and pressure to create uderstanding of interactions with objects. Gry Visual sensory area Extreme posterior of occipital lobe, much buried deep in calcarine sulcus in medial aspect of occipital lobe. Surrounded by visual assoiation area. Most of occipital lobe. Mapping of sensory input from retinas in contralateral analog mapping. Recognization of colors, shapes and movment. Complex visualization requires entire posterior of cerebral hemisphere. Gry Superior margin of temporal lobe next to lateral sulcus. Receives stimuli from hearing receptors in inner ear. Sends info regarding pitch, loudness and location to primary auditory cortex where complete recognition of sounds occurs. Gry anterior association area frontal lobe Most complicated region. Responsible for reasoning, learning, complex thought, memory recall, working memory, judgement, persistence and planning. Gry Auditory sensory area Prefrontal cortex Cerebrum Wernicke's area Posterior Association Area Understanding of language, both writen and spoken Gry Corpus callosum Commissural Fibrs in medial to the left and right hemispheres. Connection of left and right hemispere central to the brain. Responsible for coordination between 2 hemispheres. Wht Association fibers Connecting different sections of the same hemisphere Connect same hemispere areas. Short association fibers connect adjacent gyri. Long associaton fibers connect different lobes. Wht Radiating through cerebral cortex and lower brain and cord centers. Responsible for 2 way communication from higher brain to lower brain. Run superior and inferior. (Corona radiata) Wht Deep cerebral white matter Pplays a role in emotion. Filtering movment signals from the cerebellum. Monitoring, starting and stopping movment signals form the cortex. Inhibit antagonistic or unnecessary movements. Disorders of the Basal Nuclei Huntington's and Parkinson's Wht Projection fibers Basal nuclei Diencephalon Thalamus Hypothalamus Brain Stem Epithalamus Midbrain Pons deep and central of brain Below thalamus Thalamus - Greek for inner room. 80% diecephalon. Relay station for information going to cerebral cortex. Signals are editied and grouped. Signals reaching thalamus are Wht recognized crudly as pleasant or unpleasent. Key role is mediating sensory input regarding sensation and motor activity, cortical arrousal, learning and memory. Receives olfactory stimli. Main versceral control center. ANS, initiates physical response to emotions, regulate body tempurature, regulate Wht food intake, regulate water balance and thirst, regulates sleep wake cycles, controls endocrine system functions. Most dorsal part of diencephelon visible as pineal gland Secretes melatonin for sleep cycle. Between diencephelon and pons Suppresion of pain, linking amygdaloid and ANS for fight or flight, coordinate head and eye motion for following moving target, link auditory Wht receptor for startle response to sudden sounds. House neurons that secrete dopamine and responsible for limb flexation. PONS means Bridge. Bulging region between midbrain and Pathway for higher brain and spinal cord. Relays conversations between Wht Wht medulla oblongata Medulla oblongota Cerebellum most inferior portion of brain. Blends inperceptualy with brain stem Posterior to PONS and Medulla motor cortex and cerebellum. Several cranial nerves start here, including trigeminal, abducens, and facial nerves. Helps medula oblongata maintain normal rythem of breathing. Regulates many body unctions including rate and force of heart beats, rate and depth of breaths, vomiting, hiccuping, swallowing, coughing and sneezing. Medulla works with thalamus to regulate visceral functions. Contains arbor vitae, system of white matter inervation of gray matter resembling tree branches. Coordination of body movments, adjusts posture and balance, notifys cerebellu of intent to move muscles, receives information form body regarding muscle tensions, joint positions, and information from visual and equilibrium to eveluate body position, coordinates motion to edjust and predict force, direction and extent of mucle contractions to prevent overshooting, ensures smooth movement, maintains posture, coordinates muscle group movments. Sends planned muscle movments to primary motor cortex. acts as go between for body and primary motor cortex. Seems to copare intended movment with actual and adjust acordingly. May have some Wht Both emotional roles as well.