Chapter 4 Sensation and Perception Answers

Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception 1) The minimum intensity of physical stimulation required to produce any sensations at all in a person is the ____________. a. absolute threshold b. difference threshold c. minimum threshold d. noticeable threshold Answer: a Page Reference: 134 2) Which of the following statements is true? a. Only the difference threshold varies from person to person. b. Only the absolute threshold is constant for all people. c. Both the difference threshold and the absolute threshold are constant for all people at all times. d. Both the absolute threshold and the difference threshold vary from person to person over time. Answer: d Page Reference: 134 3) Sensation is to _______ as perception is to _______. a. psychological; physical b. gathering; understanding c. understanding; gathering d. interpreting; detecting Answer: b Page Reference: 132 4) The process whereby we receive information from the environment through our receptors is _______. a. encoding b. perception c. sensation Page 1 of 18 Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception d. transduction Answer: c Page Reference: 132 5) Sensation is a. the organization of stimuli to create meaningful patterns. b. the stimulation of the senses. c. the presence of sensory cell activity in the absence of external stimulation. d. the result of activity in the efferent nervous system. Answer: b Page Reference: 132 6) Our ________ enable us to make sense of the sensations that we are continually experiencing. a. sensory organs b. motor abilities c. perceptual abilities d. sensory abilities Answer: c Page Reference: 132 7) The smallest change in stimulation that can be detected 50 percent of the time is called the __________. a. separation threshold b. difference threshold c. response threshold d. absolute threshold Answer: b Page Reference: 134 8) Which of the following is NOT a measure of threshold? a. absolute threshold Page 2 of 18 Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception b. difference threshold c. just noticeable difference d. separation threshold Answer: d Page Reference: 134 9) When Ann went to her doctor, he gave her a hearing test. During the test, the doctor struck several tuning forks, each of which vibrated at a distinct pitch, and asked her to choose two tones that sounded almost the same in pitch. The doctor was testing Ann's __________. a. auditory convergence b. refractory threshold c. absolute threshold d. difference threshold Answer: d Page Reference: 134 10) Dr. Delmar wants to determine how loud a certain noise must be in order for it to be heard from a distance of 50 feet. Her question involves the concept of: a. relative magnitude. b. difference threshold. c. absolute threshold. d. just noticeable difference (JND). Answer: c Page Reference: 134 11) If a researcher wanted to know how loudly a person must speak in order to be heard above the noise of two other simultaneous conversations, the researcher would likely measure the ________. a. difference threshold b. marginal intensity c. relative magnitude d. absolute threshold Page 3 of 18 Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception Answer: a Page Reference: 134 12) _______ theory was developed to isolate separate measures of sensory sensitivity and decision criteria used. a. Method of limits b. Method adjustment c. Signal-detection d. Method of constant stimuli Answer: c Page Reference: 135 13) The relation between the amount of physical energy in a stimulus and the sensory experience of that stimulus is studied by: a. encoding psychology. b. psychophysics. c. sensory physiology. d. transduction psychology. Answer: b Page Reference: 134 14) The minimum intensity of physical stimulation required to produce any sensation at all in a person is the _______. a. absolute threshold b. difference threshold c. minimum threshold d. noticeable threshold Answer: a Page Reference: 134 15) _______ studies the relationship between physical energies and psychological experiences. Page 4 of 18 Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception a. Physiology b. Psychophysics c. Psychometrics d. Psychopathology Answer: b Page Reference: 134 16) Which Gestalt principle of form perception must always occur even if other principles are also illustrated? a. figure-ground b. similarity c. proximity d. closure Answer: a Page Reference: 137 17) Elements that share common features such as size, shape, or colour are viewed as a set. This defines which Gestalt law of organization? a. figure-ground b. similarity c. proximity d. closure Answer: b Page Reference: 138 18) Perceiving incomplete objects as complete define: a. figure-ground. b. similarity. c. proximity. d. closure. Answer: d Page 5 of 18 Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception Page Reference: 138 19) Figure-ground is to _______ as dream interpretation is to psychoanalysis. a. structuralism b. functionalism c. Gestalt d. humanism Answer: c Page Reference: 137–138 20) Experiencing MEANINGFUL patterns in the jumble of sensory information received by the brain is _______. a. sensation b. perception c. adaptation d. transduction Answer: b Page Reference: 132 21) Gestalt theorists propose that much of what we see is divided into: a. proximal and distal. b. figure and ground. c. standard and deviant. d. chromatic and monocular. Answer: b Page Reference: 137 22) Perceptions differ from sensations in that: a. perceptions depend as much on prior experience as they do on neural cues travelling between receptors and the brain. b. perceptions are purely psychological, whereas sensations are purely neural. c. each sensation is actually a large set of perceptions. Page 6 of 18 Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception d. sensations depend mostly on learning, whereas perceptions are innate processes. Answer: a Page Reference: 132 23) An object's elevation is a perspective cue to _______. a. distance b. shape c. shadowing d. size Answer: a Page Reference: 156 24) The wavelength of the light to reach your eyes determines what __________ you see. a. brightness b. hue c. saturation d. fine detail Answer: b Page Reference: 144–145 25) The amount of light entering the eye is controlled by the __________. a. cornea b. pupil c. lens d. retina Answer: b Page Reference: 145 26) The pupil is the __________. a. opening in the centre of the iris b. coloured part of the eye Page 7 of 18 Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception c. white of the eye d. lining in the back of the eyeball Answer: a Page Reference: 145 27) If you stare for 30 seconds at a red object and then look at a blank sheet of white paper, you will see a greenish image of the object. This phenomenon best supports the a. Young-Helmholtz opponent-process theory of colour vision. b. Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory of colour vision. c. Hering opponent-process theory of colour vision. d. Hering trichromatic theory of colour vision. Answer: c Page Reference: 148 28) The depressed spot in the retina that occupies the centre of the visual field in which images are focused MOST sharply is called the a. fovea. b. cornea. c. iris. d. optic nerve. Answer: a Page Reference: 145–146 29) Which type of receptor cell is associated with seeing colours? a. ganglia b. bipolar c. rods d. cones Answer: d Page Reference: 146 30) The lens: Page 8 of 18 Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception a. is the transparent outer membrane of the eye that covers the pupil and iris. b. allows one to focus on objects at different distances. c. allows light initially to enter the eye. d. controls the amount of light entering the eye. Answer: b Page Reference: 145 31) ________ are receptors that are best for seeing details. a. Cones b. Rods c. Bipolar cells d. Ganglion cells Answer: a Page Reference: 146 32) The inner lining on the back of the eyeball that is sensitive to light is called the _______. a. fovea b. retina c. iris d. optic nerve Answer: b Page Reference: 146 33) Light is focused on the retina by the _______. a. cornea b. pupil c. iris d. lens Page 9 of 18 Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception Answer: d Page Reference: 145 34) The shape of the lens adjusts in order to a. protect the eye from too much light. b. let in more light when it is dark. c. focus on different objects at different distances. d. allow time for the eye to adjust to bright light. Answer: c Page Reference: 148 35) Rods and cones are found in the _______. a. retina b. iris c. optic nerve d. cornea Answer: a Page Reference: 146 36) Photo receptors that see best at night are the _______. a. foveas b. cones c. shafts d. rods Answer: d Page Reference: 146 37) The range of electromagnetic wavelengths that we can see is called the a. visible spectrum. b. acuity range. c. visual field. d. visual angle. Page 10 of 18 Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception Answer: a Page Reference: 144 38) Adaptation is the process in which a. receptor cells become linked to one another. b. receptor sensitivity changes depending upon the intensity of the stimulus. c. visual acuity improves as one centres an object's light on the fovea. d. nonspectral colours can be seen. Answer: b Page Reference: 133 39) The process by which rods and cones become more sensitive to light in response to lowered levels of illumination is called _______. a. afterimage resolution b. light adaptation c. dark adaptation d. afterimage adaptation Answer: c Page Reference: 147 40) The aspect of colour that corresponds to names such as red, green, and blue is __________. a. brightness b. hue c. saturation d. fine detail Answer: b Page Reference: 144–145 41) The purity, richness, or vividness of a hue is known as its __________. a. brightness b. saturation Page 11 of 18 Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception c. additive mix d. depth Answer: b Page Reference: 144–145 42) The Young-Helmholtz theory of colour vision assumes that a. colour receptors exist in opposing pairs. b. colour perception is determined by differences in the firing rates of three types of retinal cells. c. there are three different types of cones. d. all of the above Answer: c Page Reference: 147 43) The opponent-process theory of colour vision contends that colour vision is a result of a. lateral inhibition on the retina itself. b. lateral inhibition in the visual cortex. c. calculation of differences in the firing rates of three types of retinal cells. d. competition between three types of rods and three types of cones. Answer: c Page Reference: 148 44) Our tendency to see objects as relatively stable and unchanging despite changing sensory information is called perceptual __________. a. closure b. constancy c. reversibility d. coherency Answer: b Page Reference: 153 Page 12 of 18 Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception 45) People with normal vision will perceive a pyramid whether they see the object from the side, top, or any other angle as long as the object is, in fact, a pyramid. This is the law of a. shape constancy. b. size constancy. c. figure-ground. d. visual angle. Answer: a Page Reference: 153 46) Single-eye vision is to _______ as double-eye vision is to _______. a. kinetic; monocular b. monocular; kinetic c. monocular; binocular d. binocular; monocular Answer: c Page Reference: 154–155 47) You are seated at a small table talking to a friend opposite you who is drinking coffee. As she lifts the cup off the saucer and raises it to her mouth, the image made on your retina by the bottom of the cup actually changes shape, but you still ”see” it as round due to a. good continuation. b. movement parallax. c. perceptual constancy. d. proximity. Answer: c Page Reference: 153 48) Colour, shape, size, and brightness are all types of perceptual _______. a. closure b. constancy c. reversibility Page 13 of 18 Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception d. coherency Answer: b Page Reference: 153 49) Size constancy explains why a. objects are perceived as having constant dimensions regardless of distance. b. perception of size is inversely related to distance. c. closer objects are perceived as smaller than far-away objects. d. distance affects perceived size. Answer: a Page Reference: 153 50) Whether you are standing right next to it or a mile away from it, you know a tree is the same size because of _______. a. the figure-ground distinction b. the phi phenomenon c. perceptual constancy d. retinal disparity Answer: c Page Reference: 153 51) When you stand to the side of a window frame, it casts a trapezoidal (nonrectangular) image on your retina. It still seems rectangular to you, though, because of _______. a. size constancy b. shape constancy c. figure-ground constancy d. the phi phenomenon Answer: b Page Reference: 153 52) The distance cue in which objects at greater distances appear to be smoother is __________. Page 14 of 18 Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception a. linear perspective b. aerial perspective c. texture gradient d. motion parallax Answer: c Page Reference: 156 53) The distance cue in which two parallel lines extend into the distance and seem to come together at one point is called __________. a. linear perspective b. aerial perspective c. shadowing d. motion parallax Answer: a Page Reference: 156 54) How blurry-looking an object appears and linear perspective are cues associated with _______ depth perception. a. binocular disparity b. kinesthetic c. monocular d. binocular Answer: c Page Reference: 155–156 55) Which of the following is an example of a monocular cue? a. far objects looking clear, and near ones looking blurry b. the trees in a forest converging in the distance c. the double image of a finger held in front of one eye d. the appearance of a small light making movements against a dark background Answer: b Page 15 of 18 Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception Page Reference: 155–156 56) Which of the following is NOT a monocular cue? a. clearness b. linear perspective c. retinal disparity d. texture Answer: c Page Reference: 154–156 57) When you look out the window of a car that is traveling 100 km/h, objects at different locations appear to move in different directions and different speeds. This apparent motion is known as a. the kinetic depth effect. b. motion parallax. c. movement illusion. d. linear perspective. Answer: b Page Reference: 155 58) When you look out the window of a car that is traveling 100 km/h, close objects appear a. to be moving faster than far ones. b. to be moving slower than far ones. c. to be moving at the same speed as far ones. d. to be stationary and the far ones appear to be moving in the opposite direction as the car. Answer: a Page Reference: 155 59) Shadowing is a cue to _______. a. linear perspective b. width perception Page 16 of 18 Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception c. depth perception d. colour perception Answer: c Page Reference: 156 60) The monocular distance cue in which objects closer than the point of visual focus seem to move in the direction opposite to the viewer's moving head, and objects beyond the viewing point move in the same direction as the viewer's head, is _______. a. retinal disparity b. motion parallax c. subliminal motion d. motion differential Answer: b Page Reference: 155 61) If perceptual information aiding in depth perception must be drawn simultaneously from both eyes, it is referred to as _______. a. a monocular cue b. a binocular cue c. contralateral input d. a duoretinal image Answer: b Page Reference: 154 62) A drawing of a gravel road depicts the tiny rocks as becoming smaller and less distinct as one looks ”down the lane.” This simulation of depth on a two-dimensional sheet of paper is an example of the _______ cue. a. interposition b. texture gradient c. elevation d. shadowing Answer: b Page 17 of 18 Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception Page Reference: 156 63) Which of the following is an example of a monocular cue? a. far objects looking clear, and near ones looking blurry b. when in motion, objects that are far away appear to move more slowly than objects that are close c. the double image of a finger held in front of one eye d. the appearance of a small light making movements against a dark background Answer: b Page Reference: 156 Page 18 of 18