Theoretical Explanations for Performance Losses and Gains in Groups | California State University, Northridge - Edubirdie

University:
California State University, Northridge
Course:
PSY 105 | General Psychology
Academic year:

2020
Views:

114

Pages:

2
Author:

Jithin J. I.

THEORETICAL EXPLANATIONS FOR PERFORMANCE LOSSES AND GAINS IN GROUPS 1. Introduction to Theoretical Explanations  Exploring the theories that explain performance losses (social loafing) and gains (social compensation) in group settings. 2. Social Compensation  Overview of social compensation: individuals in a group compensating for weaker members.  Conditions for social compensation: caring about the task and perceiving a partner as unreliable or lacking ability.  Occurrence of social compensation mainly in collective situations. 3. Social Compensation vs. Social Loafing  Comparison of social compensation and social loafing.  Unlikely occurrence of social compensation in competitive sports.  Potential applications in physical activities like sports, although untested. 4. Theoretical Explanations for Performance Losses  Arousal-based explanation: Reduced arousal in groups leads to social loafing, but increased arousal in difficult tasks can enhance performance.  Evaluation apprehension: Inability to evaluate individual performance reduces social loafing.  Dispensability of contributions: Feeling that one's contribution is unnecessary leads to decreased motivation and performance. 5. Theoretical Models  Social impact theory: Attention and social impact are distributed in a group, reducing the impact on individuals.  Drive theory: Presence of others and their focus of attention increase one's own arousal, affecting performance.  Social identity theory: Identification with a group can reduce social loafing, especially in sports teams. 6. Limitations of Theoretical Approaches  None of the theories fully explain social loafing.  Theories serve as a foundation for intervention programs targeting social loafing.  Example of interventions based on the theory of social identity.

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