Social Influence of Spectators in Sports | California State University, Northridge - Edubirdie

University:
California State University, Northridge
Course:
PSY 105 | General Psychology
Academic year:

2023
Views:

415

Pages:

2
Author:

Jithin J. I.

SOCIAL INFLUENCE OF SPECTATORS IN SPORTS 1. Introduction  Focus on how behavior and athletic performances are influenced by others, including passive observers and active sport spectators.  Parallel to experiences of giving presentations with an audience.  Explore the impact of different audience behaviors on performance in motor tasks. 2. Directly Evident Influence  Obvious and directly observable influence on athletes' performance.  Examples: Spectator interference in play or assaults on players (e.g., Monica Seles in 1993). 3. Not Directly Evident Influence  Harder to account for and explained within psychological or sociological theory.  Dashiell's classification of potential types of not directly evident influences (Table 17.1) distinguishes involvement, characteristics of others, and specific behaviors. 4. Social Influence of Spectators  Social influence extensively studied in sports, including the home advantage phenomenon.  Differentiate between directly evident and not directly evident influence. 5. Social Facilitation: Influence of Passive Spectators  Early studies on the effects of co-actors and spectators on performance.  Triplett's (1898) study on cyclists with pacers.  Meumann (1904) and Burnham (1910) on presence of others and performance.  Moede's (1920) experiments on cooperation and performance.  Allport (1920, 1924) coined the term "social facilitation" and explained increased performance due to the presence of others. 6. Social Facilitation Theory by Zajonc (1965)  Robert B. Zajonc's groundbreaking work in 1965.  Proposed a theoretical framework for social facilitation.  Social facilitation effect: Improved performance in simple tasks in the presence of others.  Social inhibition effect: Reduced performance in complex tasks in the presence of others.

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