Tissues Chapter 4 Lab Notes Assignment

TISSUES 1. Besides oxygen, what other bloodborne material must be provided to the affected tissues in adequate quantities to promote normal wound healing? nutrients 2. Diabetics with poor lower limb circulation often have slow-healing pressure ulcers on the bottom of their feet. In speeding up the healing process, surgical removal (debridement) of dead tissue from an ulcerative area would encourage increased __________. granulation tissue formation TISSUES: ALVEOLOUS ALVEOLI 3 TYPES OF CELLS: 1. Simple squamous epithelium (Type I cell) a. Wall of alveolous is primarily composed of simple squamous epithelium b. Gas exchange occurs easily across this very thin epithelium 2. Alveolar macrophage 3. Surfactant-secreting cell (Type II cell) Tissues: Cells of the Proximal Convoluted Tubule = brush border cells bc of numerous microvili, which project into the lumen of the tubule - Microvilli expands the surface area of the luminal membrane, adapting it well for REABSORPTION Tight junctions b/w adjacent cells permit passage of water but limit the escape of large molecules from the tubular lumen into the interstitial space The highly folded basolateral membrane contains numerous integral proteins involved in passive/active transport of substances b/w the intracellular and interstitial spaces Mitochondria provide ATP for the active transport process KEY FEATURE: highly permeable to water and many solutes - TISSUES: Upper GI Tract GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT - muscular tube. Begins at the mouth and ends at the anus - Mouth: receives food - Pharynx: moves bolus of food to the esophagus - Esophagus conveys bolus of food to the stomach - Stomach: stores and digests food (4 PARTS: cadia, fundus, body, pyloric) - Antrum = largest part of pyloric region Interior is throwing into folds called RUGAE Pressure rises as the stomach distends further to accommodate up to 4 liters of food TISSUES: NEURON - Axon: generates an action potential, an outgoing signal (nerve impulse) and conducts it to the next cell. TRANSMITTING/conductive region - Branched dendrites receive signals coming in from other cells and send them toward the axon - Cell body: main nutritional and metabolic region. Receives signals from other cells and send toward the axon TISSUES: MUSCLE CELLS 1. Skeletal muscle 2. Cardiac muscle 3. Smooth muscle 1. The wall of the alveolus (air sac) in the lung is composed of which type of epithelium? Simple squamous epithelium this single layer of squamous cells is ideal for the diffusion of gases in the lungs 2. The proximal tubule of the nephron (kidney tubule) in the kidney is composed of which type of epithelium? simple cuboidal epithelium the simple cuboidal cells line the kidney tubules (nephrons) so that secretion and absorption can take place. 3. The epithelium of the esophagus is composed of which type of epithelial tissue? stratified squamous epithelium this epithelium protects underlying tissues from the wear and tear of constant swallowing in the esophagus. 4. Which part of the neuron (a specialized nerve cell) receives signals from other cells and is also the main metabolic region of the neuron? Soma the soma or cell body receives inputs (signals) from other cells and sends the information to the axon. But unlike a dendrite, it also is the main metabolic and nutritional center of the cell. 5. Which of the three muscle cell types has multiple nuclei? Skeletal skeletal muscle cells are elongated and many can be quite long; therefore, they have multiple nuclei. 6. Which muscle cell type has visible striations but is not under voluntary control? Cardiac cardiac cells, like skeletal cells, have visible striations but are not under voluntary control. 7. Which tissue type consists of a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity? Epithelial tissue Epithelial tissue is a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity (epithe = laid on, covering). In addition to coverings and linings, epithelial cells can also form glands. 8. Which types of cell junctions are needed in a mucosal membrane, such as the digestive tract, to keep the digestive enzymes, juices, and bacteria from leaking out? Tight junctions