4-h Dog Showmanship Questions Seniors

CARE AND HEALTH 4-H Dog Project Manual SENIORS: Q: What is the term for the part of science that looks at the structure of the body of humans, animals, and other living things? A: Anatomy Q: The bones, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and organs make up what part of a dog’s anatomy? A: Internal anatomy Q: How many bones does a dog have? A: 319 Q: What is stored in a dog’s bones? A: Calcium and minerals Q: What part of a dog’s bones produces blood? A: Bone marrow Q: What part of the dog’s internal anatomy can regulate substances in the blood to keep the dog healthy? A: Bones Q: What part of the dog’s internal anatomy can absorb toxins and dispose of them through the blood? A: Bones Q: The size of the dog’s breed determines the growth and development rate of the bones. True or False? A: TRUE Q: What is the term for the head shape in breeds such as the Collie or Greyhound, that have a long muzzle and narrow skull? A: Dolichocephalic (dol-i-koh-suh-fal-ik) Q: What is the term for the head shape seen in breeds such as Golden Retrievers and Springer Spaniels, that have a long muzzle and wider skull? A: Mesocephalic (mez-oh-suh-fal-ik) Q: What is the term for the head shape in breeds such as Bulldogs and Pekingese, that have a short muzzle? A: Brachycephalic (brak-ee-suh-fal-ik) Q: How many deciduous teeth does a puppy have? A: 28 Q: At what age do puppies begin to develop teeth? A: 3-6 weeks old Q: On average, how many teeth does an adult dog have? A: 42 Q: How many bones are in a dog’s front foot? A: 7 Q: How many bones are in a dog’s rear foot? A: 6 Q: What is the name of the bone in a dog’s toe? A: Phalange Corrected April 2024 17 CARE AND HEALTH, continued SENIORS: Q: Where are the sweat glands located on a dog? A: The pads Q: What is the term for the part of science that looks at the way in which body parts function? A: Physiology Q: What is the name of a cord or band of tissue that attaches a muscle to bone in the muscular system? A: Tendon Q: What is the term for a tendon that is irritated, inflamed, and/or swollen? A: Tendonitis Q: What causes tendonitis? A: Repetitive movement Q: What do you call a short band of tissue that connects bones and holds joints together? A: Ligament Q: Name the bands or bundles of tissue that contract to produce movement. A: Muscles Q: Name the three types of muscles. A: Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac Q: Which muscles are attached to the skeleton? A: Skeletal Q: Which muscles are considered voluntary muscles? A: Skeletal Q: What kind of muscles are controlled by the human or animal? A: Voluntary muscles Q: Which muscles control the movement of the organs in the body? A: Smooth muscles Q: Which types of muscles are considered involuntary? A: Smooth and Cardiac muscles Q: Which muscle group forms the support system for blood vessels and organs that are hollow such as the stomach, bladder, and intestines? A: Smooth muscles Q: What is the main job of the Cardiac muscles? A: To pump blood through the body Q: Which bodily system is responsible for the dog’s ability to breath? A: Respiratory system Q: What is the term for when the lungs replace the carbon dioxide in the body with oxygen? A: Breathing Q: Besides breathing, what is another function of a dog’s lungs? A: To cool the body Q: What is the term for when a dog begins to breath harder and faster to exchange warm air inside the body for cooler air outside the body? A: Panting Corrected April 2024 18 CARE AND HEALTH, continued SENIORS: Q: Name the bodily system that is made up of the heart and blood vessels that carry blood to the rest of the body? A: Cardiovascular Q: What is the range for a normal pulse rate of a puppy? A: 120-160 beats per minute Q: What bodily system is made up of the brain and spinal cord? A: Nervous system Q: A dog’s sense of touch, smell, sight, taste, and hearing are controlled by what organ? A: Brain Q: What is the term for a bundle of fibers that carry messages to or away from the spinal cord or brain? A: Nerve Q: What part of the nervous system is made up of all the nerves found throughout the rest of the dog’s body? A: Peripheral nervous system Q: What bodily system is related to being able to digest food? A: Digestive system Q: Name the bodily system that is made up of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. A: Digestive system Q: What organ is responsible for breaking down or digesting food? A: Stomach Q: What organ absorbs the protein, vitamins, and minerals from the food the dog has eaten? A: Small intestines Q: Approximately how long does it take a dog to digest a meal of dry food? A: 10-12 hours Q: What bodily system contains the kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra? A: Urinary system Q: What organ of the urinary system is responsible for filtering liquid waste products from the blood? A: Kidneys Q: What organ of the urinary system produces a hormone to help with the formation of red blood cells? A: Kidneys Q: Which bodily system controls the hormones in a dog’s body? A: Endocrine Q: Which bodily system is made up of the pituitary glands, thyroid glands, parathyroid glands, pancreas, adrenal glands, ovaries, and testes? A: Endocrine Q: What is the name of the chemicals that send signals to certain organs, tissues, and cells? A: Hormones Q: What organ in the Endocrine system produces insulin? A: Pancreas Q: Which bodily system is related to breeding and producing puppies? A: Reproductive system Corrected April 2024 19 CARE AND HEALTH, continued SENIORS: Q: At what age are dogs old enough to produce puppies? A: 6 – 12 months Q: What is first stage of a female dog’s reproductive cycle? A: Proestrus Q: During what stage of a female dog’s reproductive cycle does the estrogen rise and the ovaries mature? A: Proestrus Q: Approximately how long does Proestrus last? A: 9 days Q: What is the second stage of a female dog’s reproductive cycle? A: Estrus Q: What is another term for a female dog’s estrus cycle? A: Heat or Season Q: What is the average gestation period for dogs? A: 63 days Q: What is it called when a veterinarian surgically sterilizes a dog to prevent its ability to procreate? A: Spay or neuter Q: What organs are removed when a female dog is spayed? A: Ovaries and uterus Q: What organs are removed when a male dog is neutered? A: Testicles Q: Name the largest organ of a dog’s body. A: Skin Q: Regulating body temperature and protecting the body against germs are the two main functions of what organ? A: Skin Q: What part of a dog’s anatomy protects against heat and cold, and helps keep the skin from getting cuts, scratches, or even sunburned? A: Hair Q: Name the five senses. A: Touch, Hearing, Sight, Taste, Smell Q: At what age does a puppy’s ear canals open, allowing them to hear? A: 10-14 days Q: What is an olfactory receptor? A: Receptor cell in the nasal cavity that is sensitive to odors Q: How many olfactory receptors do dogs have? A: 300 million Q: What do you call the process of providing or getting the food necessary for growth and good health? A: Nutrition Q: Name FOUR categories of nutrients. A: Protein, Fat, Fiber, Carbohydrates, Vitamins, Minerals, and Water Corrected April 2024 20 CARE AND HEALTH, continued SENIORS: Q: What nutrient supplies amino acids that are necessary for the body to build healthy tissue? A: Protein Q: Why do dogs need fat to function normally? A: Fats supply energy and transport nutrients in the body Q: What nutrient helps food pass through the body? A: Fiber Q: What nutrient provides a source of energy? A: Carbohydrates Q: Name the process by which food is converted into energy? A: Metabolism Q: What nutrients help regulate metabolism? A: Vitamins Q: Where do minerals come from? A: Soil Q: What nutrients make up a dog’s muscles, bones, and tissues? A: Minerals Q: Name FOUR major minerals. A: Calcium, Chloride, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium, Sulfur Q: What nutrients help build strong bones and teeth? A: Minerals Q: What nutrients help regulate body temperature and prevent dehydration? A: Minerals Q: Give TWO signs your dog may be suffering from an allergy. A: Red, irritated skin, Itchy skin, Hair loss, Sneezing, Coughing, Irritated eyes, Diarrhea Q: Why is it important to have a dog checked by a veterinarian if the dog is showing signs of an allergy? A: Some illnesses can mimic signs of allergies Q: Name TWO things in a dog’s outdoor environment that could be a source of allergies. A: Trees, Grass, Weeds, Pollen, Mold, Parasites Q: Name TWO things inside a dog’s home that could be a source of allergies. A: Certain foods, Dust, Smoke, Cleaning products, Shampoo Q: Name a problem usually seen in older dogs that often occurs due to loss of cartilage, which causes abnormal rubbing of bone against bone. A: Arthritis Q: What problem can develop following a fracture of a bone, or repeated stress on a joint? A: Arthritis Q: Name TWO symptoms that could indicate Arthritis. A: Dog appears to be in pain, stiffness/lameness, slow gait, has trouble getting up from a laying position, licks joints Q: What might your veterinarian ask you to bring to the appointment if your dog is experiencing ongoing diarrhea? A: Stool or Fecal sample Corrected April 2024 21 CARE AND HEALTH, continued SENIORS: Q: What could happen to a dog with ongoing diarrhea if there is not clean water available? A: Dehydration Q: What is another term for infectious tracheobronchitis? A: Kennel cough (canine cough or canine infectious cough accepted as an answer) Q: What is the classic symptom of kennel cough? A: A dry, honking type cough Q: What other symptoms, besides a cough, may be present in a dog with kennel cough? A: Sneezing and/or discharge from eyes or nose Q: Name one of the most common bacterium that can cause kennel cough. A: Bordetella Q: Name TWO viruses that can make a dog more susceptible to contracting Bordetella or kennel cough. A: Canine adenovirus/hepatitis, Canine herpes virus, Canine distemper virus, Parainfluenza virus, Canine reovirus Q: Why is it necessary to isolate a dog diagnosed with kennel cough from uninfected dogs? A: Kennel cough is highly contagious Q: What might you notice about a dog’s nose that could indicate an illness? A: Yellow or green discharge Q: Why is it important to check vital signs if your dog has a medical emergency? A: Vital signs provide a measure of how the body is functioning Q: Name the FOUR main vital signs. A: Temperature, respiration rate, pulse rate, and blood pressure Q: What is the first step in determining if your dog needs medical attention? A: Check the color of your dog’s tongue, gums, and inner eyelids Q: What color should the tissue of the tongue, gums, and inner eyelids be in a healthy dog? A: Pink Q: What is the term for gently pressing the upper gum for 2 seconds, then releasing the pressure to see if the color returns to normal? A: Capillary Refill Time Q: What is the range of a normal respiration rate for a resting dog? A: 10-20 breaths per minute Q: How would you count a dog’s breaths? A: Using a timer, count each time the chest rises and falls Q: How could a dog’s respiration rate indicate the dog is injured or in pain? A: The respiration rate may be higher or lower than normal Q: What is the range of a normal pulse rate for a resting dog? A: 60-140 beats per minute (bpm) (varies by size of dog) Q: Where is the best place to check a dog’s pulse? A: Press gently on the femoral artery, on the inside of the upper thigh where the leg joins the body Q: What is the range of a normal temperature for a dog? A: 100° to 102.5° Corrected April 2024 22 CARE AND HEALTH, continued SENIORS: Q: What items do you need to take your dog’s temperature? A: Rectal thermometer, lubricating jelly, clean cloth or tissue, rubbing alcohol, and a helper Q: Without a stethoscope to listen to the heartbeat, what is the best way to measure a dog’s heart rate? A: Take the dog’s pulse Q: What two steps should you take if a dog becomes unresponsive and stops breathing? A: 1. Clear the dog’s airway of debris, foreign objects, blood, or mucus; 2. Call your veterinarian Q: How is rescue breathing performed on a dog? A: Enclose the dog’s mouth with your hand and hold closed, place your mouth over the nose to make an airtight seal, breath 4-5 rapid, gentle breaths into the nose, watch for the chest to expand and repeat every 3-5 seconds. Q: What should you do If an unconscious dog does not begin breathing after you have cleared the airway? A: Rescue breathing (artificial respiration also accepted) for a maximum of 20 minutes Q: When performing rescue breathing on a dog, how can you tell if the dog is receiving air into the lungs? A: The chest will expand (rise and fall accepted) Q: How many rapid, gentle breaths into the nose are given at a time when performing rescue breathing on a dog? A: 4-5 breaths Q: How often do you repeat your breaths when performing rescue breathing on a dog? A: Every 3-5 seconds Q: What is the maximum length of time you should do rescue breathing on an unresponsive dog? A: 20 minutes Q: What does CPR stand for? A: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Q: How would you check a dog’s heartbeat? A: Place the dog on its right side and put your hand by the dog’s left elbow on the lower chest Q: If you have not been trained in CPR, who should you call for immediate assistance if a dog’s heart has stopped beating? A: Veterinarian Q: Which side should you place an unconscious dog on to perform CPR? A: On its right side Q: How are compressions given when administering CPR to a dog? A: Steady downward pressure and release Q: What are TWO ways to treat a dog suffering from heatstroke? A: Move immediately to a cool place, immerse in tepid (slightly cool) water (not ice water), mist water on the dog, apply a cold compress to the head, cover with a towel and pour water over the dog to keep it cool Q: What is the first thing you should do if a dog is showing signs of heatstroke? A: Take the dog’s temperature Q: You should stop cooling a dog suffering from heatstroke when its body reaches what temperature? A: 103° Corrected April 2024 23 CARE AND HEALTH, continued SENIORS: Q: What should you do immediately after administering first aid to your dog for heatstroke or any other medical emergency? A: Call your veterinarian Q: Who is the best person to provide first aid training to dog owners? A: Veterinarian/Veterinarian Technician also accepted Q: Why should first aid training be provided in person? A: So that you can be observed to make sure you are doing procedures correctly Q: What is the term for managing a medical emergency until you can get a dog to the veterinarian? A: First Aid Q: In the event of a medical emergency, what is the best way to assess how the dog is functioning? A: Check vital signs Q: What is the first thing you should do if a dog is choking? A: Try to remove the foreign object from the throat Q: What technique, originally developed for humans, can also be used to treat a dog that is choking? A: Heimlich Maneuver Q: What is another term for a broken bone? A: Fracture Q: What are symptoms of a fracture? A: Pain, swelling, lameness, or bone protruding through the skin Q: What is the best way to transport a dog that may have a broken back or neck after being hit by a car or suffering a long fall? A: Place the dog on a flat board (plywood accepted), blanket, towel, or coat Q: Name TWO items that could be used as a stretcher to transport an injured dog? A: Blanket, coat, towel, board Q: What is the best way to transport a small, injured dog? A: Place the dog in a box Q: What can happen if a severely injured dog is moved improperly? A: It could cause further injury or even paralysis Q: If your dog is bleeding externally, how would you stop it? A: Apply gentle pressure for a full 10 minutes with a clean cloth or gauze pad or your hand if there is nothing else available Q: What should you do if your dog is bleeding heavily and soaking through the pad being used to apply pressure? A: Add more layers, Do NOT remove the pad Q: What should you do once you have a bleeding wound under control? A: Wrap a bandage or medical tape around the pads or cloth and take the dog to the veterinarian Q: How would you treat a minor wound such as a small cut, tear, or scrape? A: Clean gently with mild soap and water and use an antibiotic ointment to prevent infection Q: What should you look for if you suspect your dog has suffered a burn? A: Look for the cause of the burn Corrected April 2024 24 CARE AND HEALTH, continued SENIORS: Q: How is burn treatment determined? A: By severity of the burn Q: What products should never be used to treat a burn in dogs or humans? A: Butter or petroleum jelly (Vaseline) Q: What is the first thing you should do before treating a dog with a burn? A: Muzzle the dog for safety Q: How would you treat a dog with a burn? A: Apply a cool, wet cloth to the burn Q: Once you have treated a dog with a burn, what is the best way to keep the wound clean and protected? A: Apply a loose bandage Q: Name TWO symptoms that a dog may be having a problem with its eyes. A: Frequent or excess tearing, Squinting, Swollen eyelid, Frequent Rubbing, Cornea looks gray, red eye, Protruding eye, Blood in eye, Dilated pupils Q: What might excess tearing, squinting, and frequent rubbing of the eyes be symptoms of? A: Eye injury Q: Name TWO symptoms a dog may have an ear injury or infection. A: Shaking head, scratching ear, holding head/ear in abnormal position, tilting head from side to side, discharge from ear, trouble with balance Q: What are TWO symptoms of electric shock? A: Burns around mouth, burns on tongue, respiratory distress, mouth or tongue appears gray, loss of consciousness Q: If a dog appears to have suffered an electric shock, what should you ask an adult for help with? A: Checking for live wires to prevent further injury Q: What is the first step in treating a dog that appears to have suffered an electrical shock? A: Check for breathing and perform CPR if necessary Q: Why is it important to take a dog to the veterinarian immediately after treating any serious medical event? A: Life threatening events can occur after treatment Q: What is hypothermia? A: Loss of body heat resulting in a severe drop in body temperature Q: What are the symptoms of hypothermia? A: Temperature below 95°, shivering, pale gums Q: How would you treat a dog with hypothermia? A: Bring dog indoors or someplace warm, cover with warm towels or blankets, warm the dog until the body temperature reaches 100° Q: What is frostbite? A: When ice crystals form in living tissue Q: What body parts are most likely to be affected by frostbite? A: Paws, ears, and tip of tail Q: What should you do if you suspect your dog has suffered frost bite? A: Call your veterinarian Corrected April 2024 25 CARE AND HEALTH, continued SENIORS: Q: What is the best way to treat frostbite? A: Provide the dog with rest and wrap problem areas with a warm towel Q: What is the best way to treat frostbite on a dog’s foot? A: Put the foot in slightly warm water (never HOT water) Q: What happens when a dog’s blood pressure is too low and there is not enough blood flowing through the body? A: The dog goes into shock Q: Give TWO common reasons a dog may vomit. A: Motion sickness (car ride), overeating, change in diet, eating something that disagrees with them Q: Name TWO conditions, when in combination with vomiting, indicate a dog should be taken to a veterinarian? A: Diarrhea, bloody diarrhea, pain, lethargy, refuses to eat, not moving, pale gums, above normal temperature, swollen abdomen Q: Bluish or gray gums, slow capillary refill time, labored breathing, unresponsiveness, cool extremities, and a lower body temperature are symptoms of what condition? A: Shock Q: What should you do if a dog has symptoms of shock? A: Check the dog’s vital signs and take the dog to the vet immediately Q: Name two items you could use to make an emergency muzzle. A: Panty hose, cotton bandage, necktie, rope Q: What is the recommended way to tie an emergency muzzle? A: Take a long piece of rope (pantyhose/bandage/necktie) and tie a loose knot in the middle, leaving a large loop; slip the loop over the dog’s nose and tighten gently, but firmly, about halfway up the nose; bring the ends down and knot under the dog’s chin; then bring the ends back behind the ears and tie again. Q: Name FOUR items you should always have in your canine first aid kit. A: Tweezers, Scissors, Nail Clippers, Muzzle (or something to use as a muzzle), Bandages, Roll of adhesive bandage, square gauze pads, antiseptic cream, cotton balls, antihistamine, hydrogen peroxide, charcoal tablets, prescription medication Q: Name TWO items you should have in your canine first aid kit that should only be used under the instruction of your veterinarian. A: Antihistamine, hydrogen peroxide, charcoal tablets/activated charcoal Q: What are TWO signs your dog may exhibit that would indicate the overuse of flea and tick sprays, powders, and shampoo products? A: Trembling, weakness, drooling, vomiting, loss of bowel control Q: What is the best way to remove tar and grease from your dog’s coat? A: Soak the area with vegetable or mineral oil to break up the tar and wash with a mild soap and water Q: What are the TWO most important phone numbers you should have in case your dog ingests a poisonous substance? A: Poison Control Center and your veterinarian Q: What information would be most helpful to your veterinarian if your dog has ingested a poisonous substance? A: The label or container of the substance the dog has ingested Corrected April 2024 26 CARE AND HEALTH, continued SENIORS: Q: What should you do if your dog ingests rodent or gopher poison? A: Call your veterinarian or Poison Control Q: What TWO steps should you take in the case of a dog fight? A: Alert an adult immediately and do not interfere/try to separate dogs Q: What is the best way for an adult to separate dogs that are fighting? A: A bucket of water or hose Corrected April 2024 27 4-H GENERAL KNOWLEDGE SENIORS: Q: What year did Congress pass the act that established Cooperative Extension and 4-H? A: 1914 Q: The Cooperative Extension is part of which U.S. Department? A: Department of Agriculture Q: What were the first 4-H groups called? A: Boys and Girls Clubs Q: Name three types of people who bring 4-H to youth. A: Extension Educators, 4-H Leaders, and Friends of 4-H Q: What does a 4-H Extension Educator do? A: They organize 4-H in the county and community Q: What do 4-H leaders do? A: Help members to learn and have fun Q: Who is your county WSU Extension Educator? _____________________________________________ Q: Name TWO kinds of 4-H programs. A: 4-H Clubs, Special Interest Groups, School Enrichment, 4-H After School Q: Which 4-H program is presented or coordinated by extension personnel with school officials as part of classroom activities? A: School Enrichment Q: Which 4-H program allows groups of kids to participate in learning activities during non-school hours? A: 4-H After School Q: Which 4-H program is organized or taught by extension personnel for kids to participate in a special learning activity that is not part of school curriculum? A: Special Interest Groups Q: Name TWO types of 4-H leaders. A: Club Leader, Project Leader, Activity Leader, Teen Leader Q: What is the role of a Teen Leader? A: Works with an adult to give leadership to activities, events, or projects Q: Give TWO examples of how an Extension Educator helps 4-H club leaders. A: Plans the county program, Helps organize clubs and special 4-H groups, Recommends project material, Coordinates County events, Trains 4-H Leaders Q: What kind of 4-H Leader helps with general club meetings? A: Club Leader Q: What kind of 4-H Leader helps members on their projects? A: Project Leader Q: What does an Activity Leader do? A: Leads activities, demonstrations, and special events Q: What kind of 4-H Leader works with an adult to give leadership to activities, events, or projects? A: Teen Leader Corrected April 2024 Washington State 4 28 4-H GENERAL KNOWLEDGE, continued SENIORS: Q: Who trains 4-H Leaders? A: Extension Educators Q: Who coordinates county 4-H events? A: Extension Educator Q: Who trains 4-H Extension Educators, staff, and leaders? A: State 4-H Specialists Q: Name an important role of a State 4-H Specialist? A: Develop new programs and projects Q: Name TWO 4-H Projects a member can participate in within the Animal Sciences Program. A: Dairy, Livestock, Small Animals, and Veterinary Science Q: Name TWO 4-H Projects a member can participate in within the Expressive Arts Program. A: Applied Arts, Photography, and Performing Arts Q: How often are state, regional, and national teen events held? A: Annually Q: What benefits may teen members gain by attending State 4-H Teen Events? A: They are better equipped to help with 4-H and do other things in their communities. Q: What is the focus of Know Your Government? A: Government procedures and issues Q: How old must a 4-H member be to participate in Know Your Government? A: 14 years old Q: What is the role of the 4-H club President? A: To lead club meetings Q: Name two responsibilities of the 4-H club Vice-President. A: Leads meetings in the President’s absence, introduces guests, is the program chair, takes care of the club’s property Q: Which 4-H club officer serves as the program chair? A: Vice-President Q: Which 4-H club officer is responsible for leading club meetings in the President’s absence? A: Vice President Q: Name TWO responsibilities of the 4-H club Secretary. A: Records minutes of club meetings, keeps attendance records, Takes responsibility for letters and correspondence Q: Which 4-H club officer is responsible for recording what happens at club meetings? A: Secretary Q: Which 4-H club officer is responsible for keeping attendance records of club meetings? A: Secretary Q: Name two responsibilities of the 4-H club Treasurer. A: Keeps an accurate account of the club finances, gives a report at each club meeting Q: Which 4-H club officer is responsible for keeping an accurate account of the club’s finances? A: Treasurer Corrected April 2024 29 4-H GENERAL KNOWLEDGE, continued SENIORS: Q: What does the 4-H club Reporter do? A: Sends news stories to local newspapers and /or radio stations Q: What does a 4-H Recreation Leader do? A: Leads games and fun activities Q: What is a great and lasting reward that a 4-H member can receive? A: Satisfaction from a job well done, Pride in their accomplishments, Recognition from leaders, parents, or other 4-H members, Knowledge and skills gained through the project Q: What reward can 4-H members receive by earning ribbons at 4-H fairs? A: Premium money Q: Why are awards given in 4-H? A: To recognize improvement in knowledge, skills, and participation “To Make the Best Better” Corrected April 2024 30 4-H DOG PROJECT KNOWLEDGE Washington State 4-H Dog Program Policies Washington State 4-H Dog Project Guide to 4-H Obedience Classes Washington State 4-H Dog Guide to Showmanship SENIORS: Q: Name the only 4-H obedience class with a Sit for Exam exercise. A: Beginner Novice Q: Name TWO 4-H obedience classes that have exercises requiring jumps? A: Graduate novice, pre-open, open, graduate open, pre-utility or utility Q: Name the exercises in the 4-H Sub-Novice obedience class. A: Heel on leash, Figure 8, Stand for Exam, Recall, 1 min long sit, 1 min long down Q: Explain why the T and L patterns in 4-H Showmanship are considered the most difficult. A: Both patterns require the handler to change lead hands and gait their dog on the right side Q: What do the T and L patterns in 4-H Showmanship demonstrate to the judge? A: It demonstrates which handlers are smooth and polished and have trained their dogs to gait on either side Q: When returning to the judge after completing an individual ring pattern, how far from the judge should you free stack your dog? A: 4-6 feet (depending on size of dog and presentation) Q: What is the free stacking method commonly used with large or giant breeds? A: Front cross-over method/stack Q: Explain the purpose of pair gaiting in 4-H Showmanship. A: To allow the judge to compare how two handlers show the front and rear movement of the two dogs Q: What is the appropriate distance handlers should maintain between their dogs when pair gaiting? A: 3 – 4 feet Q: By expressing your ideas before groups in demonstrations and judging contests, what WA State 4-H Dog Project Objective are you developing? A: Public Speaking Q: What WA State 4-H Dog Project Objective can you achieve by keeping a Record Book? A: Learn to keep good records and use them to make management decisions Q: What WA State 4-H Dog Project Objective can you achieve by working with your dog every day? A: Self-Reliance and patience Q: If a member is borrowing or leasing a dog for their 4-H project, how long must the dog be under their care and training prior to a qualifying show? A: 60 days Q: Under what conditions may a 4-H member use a dog with a handicap as their project animal? A: The 4-H’er must bring a statement from a veterinarian stating that use as a 4-H project will not have any adverse effects on the dog’s health. Corrected April 2024 31 4-H DOG PROJECT KNOWLEDGE, continued SENIORS: Q: Name two WA State 4-H Dog Project Objectives. A: • Develop leadership, initiative, sportsmanship, and responsibility. • Develop self –reliance and patience by working with your dog daily. • Learn cooperation as one part of a dog and handler team and by sharing your experiences with others • Learn to accept the judge’s decision gracefully. • Learn how to work with other 4-H members and leaders. • Learn how to show and handle dogs safely. • Learn to keep good records and to use them to make management decisions. • Learn show ring rules and etiquette. • Learn to be courteous to the public, judges, show and fair officials, and other competitors. • Learn to care for and manage a dog. • Develop public speaking skills by expressing your ideas before groups in demonstrations, judging contests, and other activities. • Experience the pride of owning and showing your 4-H dog. • Enjoy and benefit from the experience of being an active member of a 4-H club. Corrected April 2024 32