University:
West Coast University
Course:
PHAR 840 | Immunologic Conditions and Special Populations
Academic year:

2024
Views:

222

Pages:

2
Author:

Asal A.

3/26/25, 3:56 AM OneNote Presentation Tuesday, March 25, 2025 8:22 PM Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) 1. Professional Communication (1 minute) Introduction: "Hello, my name is [Your Name], and I am a student pharmacist. Today, I’ll be discussing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)." 2. Background Information (2 minutes) Introduction: COPD is a progressive lung disease causing persistent airflow limitation, often due to smoking or environmental exposures. Epidemiology: ○ Third leading cause of death globally ○ Common in individuals > 40 years old Classification: ○ GOLD classification (FEV1/FVC ratio) determines severity from Stage 1 (mild) to Stage 4 (severe) Risk Factors: ○ Smoking ○ Environmental pollutants ○ Occupational exposures 3. Pathophysiology and Etiology (1 minute) Pathophysiology: ○ Chronic inflammation leads to airway narrowing, mucus hypersecretion, and alveolar destruction. 4. Signs and Symptoms (1 minute) Symptoms: ○ Chronic cough ○ Dyspnea ○ Wheezing Diagnostic Criteria: ○ Spirometry: FEV1/FVC ratio < 0.70 (70%) 5. Treatment (2 minutes) Non-Pharmacological Strategies: ○ Smoking cessation https://americancareercollege-my.sharepoint.com/personal/cvo1_u_westcoastuniversity_edu/_layouts/15/Doc.aspx?sourcedoc={5ba16cd8-9933-4504-ade5-0b389535a42c}&action=view&wd=target%28Topic Presentation.… 1/2 3/26/25, 3:56 AM ○ OneNote Pulmonary rehabilitation Pharmacological Approach: First-line Agents: ○ Bronchodilators: ▪ Beta-agonists (e.g., albuterol) improve airflow. • Clinical Pearl: Can cause tachycardia. ▪ Anticholinergics (e.g., tiotropium) reduce bronchoconstriction and inflammation. • Short-acting anticholinergics (SAACs): Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) • Long-acting anticholinergics (LAACs): Tiotropium bromide (Spiriva), • Improve lung function and reduce breathlessness • Reduce the frequency and severity of COPD exacerbations (flare-ups) • Clinical Pearl: side effects include dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, and increased heart rate. ○ Inhaled corticosteroids: budesonide, fluticasone ▪ Reduce inflammation ▪ Risk of oral candidiasis. Rinse mouth after use. Second-line Agents: ○ PDE-4 inhibitors (e.g., roflumilast): Reduce exacerbations in severe cases. 6. Guidelines: • GOLD 2024 Report 7. Questions (1 minute) Be prepared to discuss inhaler techniques and adverse effects 1. MDI (metered dose inhaler) = inhale slowly and deeply 2. DPI (dry powder inhaler) = load dose, inhale deeply and quickly https://americancareercollege-my.sharepoint.com/personal/cvo1_u_westcoastuniversity_edu/_layouts/15/Doc.aspx?sourcedoc={5ba16cd8-9933-4504-ade5-0b389535a42c}&action=view&wd=target%28Topic Presentation.… 2/2