University:
West Coast University
Course:
PHAR 840 | Immunologic Conditions and Special Populations
Academic year:

2024
Views:

239

Pages:

2
Author:

Asal A.

3/26/25, 4:35 AM OneNote Presentation Tuesday, March 25, 2025 8:20 PM Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) 1. Professional Communication (1 minute) Introduction: "Hello, my name is [Your Name], and I am a student pharmacist. Today, I’ll be discussing chronic kidney disease (CKD)." 2. Background Information (2 minutes) Introduction: CKD is the gradual decline of kidney function, leading to waste accumulation and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Epidemiology: ○ Affects ~10% of the global population ○ Strongly associated with diabetes and hypertension Classification: ○ Stage 1: Normal function with kidney damage ○ Stage 5: End-stage renal disease (ESRD), requiring dialysis or transplant Risk Factors: ○ Diabetes ○ Hypertension ○ Obesity 3. Pathophysiology and Etiology (1 minute) Pathophysiology: ○ Glomerular damage leads to a decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). ○ Waste products accumulate in blood, causing systemic effects like acidosis and anemia. Etiology: ○ Uncontrolled diabetes and hypertension are primary causes. 4. Signs and Symptoms (1 minute) Symptoms: ○ Fatigue ○ Edema ○ Decreased urine output Diagnostic Criteria: ○ Elevated serum creatinine ○ eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73m² ○ Albumin-to-creatinine ratio > 30 mg/g 5. Treatment (2 minutes) Non-Pharmacological Strategies: ○ Low-protein diet, sodium restriction ○ Smoking cessation, exercise Pharmacological Approach: First-line Agents: ○ ACE Inhibitors/ARBs: Reduce proteinuria and slow CKD progression. ▪ Lisinopril ▪ Clinical Pearl: Monitor for hyperkalemia and worsening kidney function. ○ Diuretics: Manage fluid overload. ▪ Loop diuretics: furosemide • Increases urine output Second-line Agents: https://americancareercollege-my.sharepoint.com/personal/cvo1_u_westcoastuniversity_edu/_layouts/15/Doc.aspx?sourcedoc={5ba16cd8-9933-4504-ade5-0b389535a42c}&action=view&wd=target%28Topic Presentation.… 1/2 3/26/25, 4:35 AM ○ OneNote SGLT2 inhibitors (e.g., empagliflozin): Provide renal protection in diabetic CKD. ▪ FDA approved: Empagliflozin (Jardiance), Dapagliflozin (Farxiga) • Associated w/ weight loss and CV benefits ▪ Clinical Pearl: Monitor for UTIs and dehydration. Duration of Therapy: ○ Lifelong management required for late-stage CKD 6. Guidelines: • KDIGO 2020 Clinical Practice Guideline • NKF KDOQI guidelines 7. Questions (1 minute) Be prepared to discuss renal function monitoring and contraindications. https://americancareercollege-my.sharepoint.com/personal/cvo1_u_westcoastuniversity_edu/_layouts/15/Doc.aspx?sourcedoc={5ba16cd8-9933-4504-ade5-0b389535a42c}&action=view&wd=target%28Topic Presentation.… 2/2