Asthma Verbal Presentation

10/23/24, 3:19 AM OneNote Verbal Presentation Monday, October 21, 2024 10:54 PM Asthma 1. Professional Communication (1 minute) • Introduction: • "Hello, my name is [Your Name], and I am a student pharmacist. Today, I’ll be discussing Asthma." • Professional Dress and Confidence: Maintain eye contact, speak clearly, and dress professionally. • Medical Terminology: Use appropriate medical language throughout the presentation. 2. Background Information (2 minutes) • Introduction: • Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway narrowing, airway hyperresponsiveness, and airway inflammation by exposure to allergens or irritants. • Epidemiology: • Asthma affects over 262 million people worldwide, with increasing prevalence in both children and adults. • Classification: • Asthma is classified based on severity: intermittent and persistent (mild, moderate, severe). • Risk Factors: • Family history, environmental allergens, and smoking. 3. Pathophysiology and Etiology (1 minute) • Pathophysiology: • Exposure to allergens or irritants triggers an inflammatory response in the airways, causing: ▪ 3 main abnormalities • Chronic airway inflammation • Airway narrowing • Airway hyper-responsiveness • Etiology: • Triggers include allergens (e.g., pollen, dust mites), irritants (e.g., smoke), or respiratory infections. 4. Signs and Symptoms (1 minute) • Symptoms: • Wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness, especially at night or after exercise. • Diagnostic Criteria: • Diagnosis is confirmed by spirometry, showing a reduced FEV1/FVC ratio, and peak flow monitoring, according to the 2023 GINA (Global Initiative for Asthma) Guidelines. 5. Treatment (2 minutes) 10/23/24, 3:19 AM OneNote • Pharmacological Approach: • First-line: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) such as budesonide for long-term control, and short-acting beta-agonists (SABA) like albuterol for quick relief, based on the 2023 GINA Guidelines. ▪ Clinical Pearls: • ICS (e.g., budesonide): Rinse your mouth after use to avoid oral thrush. • SABA (e.g., albuterol): Use only for acute symptoms, and avoid overuse to prevent tolerance. • Second-line: Long-acting beta-agonists (LABA), leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs), or biologics (e.g., omalizumab for severe asthma). • Guidelines (e.g., GINA 2023) now emphasize: ▪ ICS-formoterol as a reliever and controller, rather than relying solely on SABAs for symptom control. • Also simpler for patients to use same medication for reliever and maintenance therapy • Rationale for General Approach: The rationale for using inhaled corticosteroids as the first-line therapy is based on their effectiveness in reducing airway inflammation, which is central to asthma pathophysiology. ICS have a favorable safety profile and are essential for long-term control. SABAs are critical for immediate symptom relief and are necessary for all asthma patients to manage acute episodes. Second-line agents, such as LABAs and LTRAs, are introduced based on the severity of asthma and the patient's response to initial therapy. LABAs are effective for patients who require additional control beyond ICS, while LTRAs may be beneficial for patients with specific triggers or comorbid conditions. Biologics are reserved for patients with severe asthma who have not responded adequately to conventional therapies, providing targeted treatment options that can significantly improve control and quality of life. • Non-pharmacological Strategies: • Allergen avoidance and smoking cessation. • Duration of Therapy: • Long-term, with adjustments based on symptom control and severity. 10/23/24, 3:19 AM OneNote 10/23/24, 3:19 AM OneNote 6. Guidelines: • Based on the 2023 GINA (Global Initiative for Asthma) Guidelines. 7. Questions (1 minute) • Be ready to answer questions on asthma management, medication use, and patient education.