University:
Western Sydney University
Course:
MEDI 2003 | Clinical Sciences 2
Academic year:

2024
Views:

497

Pages:

6
Author:

Mariam A. A.

Identify and describe major bone markings ● Bones show distinctive surface markings or features that are characteristic to that bone Articulating surfaces ● Bones covered by a thin layer of articular cartilage Condyle (Remember C for condyle and cartilage) ● Condyle = 'knuckle like in shape' → smooth and rounded bone ● Typically at the distal end of the bone ● Covered by articular cartilage ● There is a medial and lateral condyle (but not in the humerus) Facet ● Small, concave (like a fingerprint) in the bone ● Facet covered with hyaline cartilage to protect underlying bones ● Present where there's a synovial joint with a specific movement like gliding or sliding Head bone ● Expanded proximal end of the joint ● Forms part of the joint ● Shape will determine the type of joint and how much movement is at the joint and how much movement can occur ● Covered with articular cartilage Extensions and projections ● Remodelling of bone because of surfaces that are applied to the bone ● Evidence of attachment to the bone Crest ● ● ● Prominent ridge (hill) Formed from the fleshy attachment Divides two muscles that are close together but have different insertion points or pull of the muscle that’s attached at that point Epicondyle ● Does NOT have cartilage ● Upon the condyle ● There's a medial and lateral epicondyle ● Ligaments attach between the epicondyles of the bone to hold the bones together while the joint is moving Protuberance ● A bony outgrowth or protruding part Spine ● ● ● Sharp, slender or narrow projection of bone Muscle attachment points or divisions of muscles joining in a common area Normally on posterior surface of the bone Tubercle ● Small and rounded projection (has a defined shape) ● Function: tendon attachment Tuberosity ● Same function as tubercule: tendon attachment ● Less defined shape ● Bigger in size ● Rough surface Trochanter (specialised tubercule associated with the femur) ● Large tubercle of the femur Depressions Fossa ● Shallow, broad or elongated basin ● There are broad, flat muscles that cover the surface area of the fossi ● Dividing the muscle group that is attached above and below it Sulcus ● A groove for tendon, nerve or blood vessel ● Protection if they're close to the surface of the body ● There is a sulcus on the internal surface of the ribs, where the major blood vessel and nerve to supply the muscles between the ribs is located close to the surface but the sulcus = added protection Passages and cavities Foramen ● A hole through the bone, usually round ● There is a foramen in the skull and through the bones (arteries that have to get into the bones, nutrient foramen) Sinus ● ● An air-filled space in bone Lined with a mucus membrane Meatus ● Opening into a canal ● Meatus is in the auditory canal → tunnel with an internal and external meatus (meatus is the opening)