Quiz Molecules and Cells

Quiz: Molecules and Cells Question 1 The four major classes of biomolecules are: o primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary proteins. o purines, pyrimidines, sugars, and phosphates. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. o sugars, disaccharides, celluloses, and starches. o amylose, amylopectin’s, cellulose, and glycogen. Question 2 In a eukaryotic cell the reactions of _______ process energy into the form of ATP within a structure called the __________. o RNA production, nucleus o bacterial destruction, lysosome cell respiration, mitochondrion o protein synthesis, ribosome o ribosome production, nucleolus Question 3 A five-carbon sugar that is bonded to a nitrogen-containing base and to either one, two or three phosphate groups is known as a(n) _________ monomer. o carbohydrate o amino acid o fatty acid nucleotide o starch Question 4 The binding of acetylcholine to an acinar cell surface receptor protein causes an immediate o change in the DNA being copied in the nucleus. o rupturing of the acinar cell membrane. o reverse in flow of vesicles between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex. o inflow of starch molecules into the acinar cells. change in the calcium ion concentration within the acinar cell cytoplasm. Question 5 The boundary around a prokaryotic cell can best be described as o a cell wall o a cell membrane o a cell wall plus a cell membrane o a cell wall plus two separate membranes c) or d) above Question 6 Which of the following is a class of monomers used as building blocks in the polymers of living organisms? o DNAs o celluloses o triglycerides amino acids o proteins Question 7 Within an acinar cell, the enzyme amylase reaches its final form within o the nucleus. the Golgi complex o the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) o the ribosome. o the cytoplasmic fluid. Question 8 An amino group, a carboxylic acid group, a hydrogen atom and one or more atoms composing a side chain (“R” group) all together make up a monomer called o a nucleotide. o a sugar. o a fat. an amino acid. o DNA. Question 9 Respiratory proteins, ion channels, transport proteins and attachment point proteins are all examples of protein found within the membrane of a prokaryotic bacterial cell. o bound along the structure of the bacterial cell’s DNA. o in and around the nucleoid of the bacterial cell. o are broken down as soon as the cell’s energy levels fall. o in the cell cytoplasm of higher plants. Question 10 The bases in a DNA molecule include all of the following except o adenine. o thymine. o cytosine. o guanine. uracil. Question 11 The saturated fats of animals differ from the unsaturated ones of plants. Unsaturated fats have o higher molecular weights. o more metabolic processes that they participate in. o nitrogen atoms in their structures. a higher number of double bonds between carbon atoms in their structures. o more functional utility in animal species, particularly in marine life forms. Question 12 ____ are little molecular machines (eukaryotic cell structures) that move vesicles and organelles throughout the cytoplasm of the cell. o cell membranes o Golgi sacs kinesins o chromatin o nuclear membranes Question 13 A carbohydrate contains ________ atoms. o nitrogen o sulfur and hydrogen carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen o carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen o carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen Question 14 Five of the six carbon atoms in a glucose molecule are typically found o bonded to a central nitrogen atom. o with two oxygen atoms attached to each of them. bonded together with an oxygen atom in a ring structure. o doubly bonded to a sodium ion. o bonded to the carbons of a glycerol molecule. Question 15 The nucleoid of a prokaryotic organism contains DNA and proteins. o functioning ribosomes. o lysosomes. o contracting vacuoles. o lipid bilayers. Question 16 An important function of the eukaryotic cell membrane is to o generate new genetic information for the cell. maintain the high level of orderliness found within the cell. o run the reactions that produce cellular energy for biosynthesis. o degrade worn out parts of the cell interior. o capture solar energy to pass on to the mitochondria. Question 17 Cells are small because the diffusion rate of molecules won’t support life over greater distances. o temperatures would remain too low if cells were larger. o the cell wall involves many processes and takes a lot of time to build. o their cytoplasm gets too viscous (syrupy) if they are larger.in size. o their nuclei can only contain a limited number of pores. Question 18 The function of glycogen is to o break down fat molecules for release of energy in adipose tissue. o provide a quick energy source in muscle cells. o provide rigidity of structure in the wood of a tree. o bind monosaccharide sugars together to form polysaccharides. store energy in the liver when glucose levels in the blood are adequate. Question 19 A prokaryotic cell is protected against osmotic swelling and rupture by its o plasma membrane. cell wall. o lysosomes. o vacuoles. o nucleus. Question 20 Which of the following statements is an element of cell theory? o All cells contain cell nuclei. All cells come from pre-existing cells. o All cells are parts of multicellular organisms. o All cells in a given organism are the same in size. o Cells are bounded by a double membrane. Question 21 The structure of a phospholipid molecules admirably suits it to the function of o carrying genetic information. o being a rapid source of cellular energy during periods of intense synthesis. o catalyzing chemical reactions. separating a cell’s internal aqueous environment from the external one. o transporting oxygen in the blood. Question 22 Some bacterium always lives in surroundings with the same concentration of dissolved substances as in their own cytoplasm. These bacteria will not need o complex ribosomes. o long chromosomes. thick cell walls. o membranes of any kind. o a light source. Question 23 What stimulates the release of the enzyme amylase into the pancreatic duct so that it can break down starches? acetylcholine molecules from a nearby neuron o the breakdown of glucose in the chloroplast o the division of the cell o the presence of protein in the stomach o a decrease in the volume of the large intestine Question 24 Testosterone signals all of the following in the human male except: o sperm production. o increased muscle mass. o vocal cord thickening. differentiation of the pancreas. o bone lengthening. Question 25 A phospholipid is made up of: o a phosphate-containing group. o fatty acids. o a glycerol molecule. all of the above. o none of the above.