Enzymes 1. In the box below, please illustrate an enzyme and substrate. Label the following key words in your illustration: enzyme, substrate, and active site. 2. Enzymes are typically which type of biomolecule? protien _________________________________________________ 3. Describe the effects that enzymes can have on substrates. _________________________________________________ held to enzyme using weak bonds they can build or break down enzymes _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ In order to function efficiently, enzymes need to be at an ideal pH and temperature. Different enzymes have different ideal pH and temperature conditions. If the pH or temperature is extreme for a particular enzyme, it can even denature an enzyme, which can prevent it from binding and acting on its substrate. For the following two scenarios, name the variable (temperature or pH) that is affecting the function of the enzyme. A) ATP is produced by cellular respiration in your human body cells. There are a variety of enzymes that work to produce ATP, but one of those enzymes is called phosphofructokinase-1. This enzyme is sensitive to blood acidity. Blood can become more acidic if a patient is in respiratory distress. ph 4. Variable affecting enzyme function: ___________________________________________________ B) A popular lab that can be performed by students is to test the reaction rate of catalase enzyme when it acts on the substrate hydrogen peroxide. Catalase has the ability to break down hydrogen peroxide. Catalase can be found in beef liver from the grocery store! However, if the beef liver is boiled first, the catalase will not be able to break down hydrogen peroxide. temp 5. Variable affecting enzyme function: ___________________________________________________ Real Life Enzyme Scenarios Please fill in the chart for every real life scenario listed below. Some boxes have been filled in for you! Scenario Illustrate the Scenario (label enzyme and substrate in illustration): Identify Enzyme: Lactase is an enzyme that breaks down a sugar found in dairy products known as lactose. Some people are lactose intolerant, and this can be due to not having enough lactase production. People who are lactose intolerant may not feel well after eating foods containing lactose. 6. Describe the relationship between the substrate and enzyme in the scenario. Identify Substrate: lactose 7. 8. the lactase production is not enough resulting in the person feeling sick when consuming dary lactase An enzyme called 9. 10. glucocerebrosidase breaks down a glycolipid in the body known as glucocerebroside. glucocerebroside However, in a genetic disease known as Gaucher’s disease, the body does not produce enough glucocerebrosidase. Therefore glucocerebroside can build up in the body and this can cause serious side effects such as anemia and swelling of the liver and spleen. 13. Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas which can damage pancreatic tissue. The pancreas produces digestive enzymes such as amylase amylase and lipase. These lipase enzymes assist in breaking down certain food biomolecules. In this disorder, enzyme production from pancreatic tissue may be stopped. 11. the body does not rpoduce enough glucocerebroside and can swell the liver glycolipid 14. pancreatitis 12. 15. Since the pancreatic tissue can be damaged in this disorder, the production of the enzymes in this tissue (amylase and lipase) may be disrupted as well. This would affect the ability to break down certain types of food biomolecules (substrate).