Biology Flashcards Terms (Catabolic Pathways)

BIOLOGY EXAM (CHEAT SHEET) Terms in this set (58) what is the term for metabolic catabolic pathways pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules? why does the oxidation of electrons are being moved from atoms that have a organic compounds by lower affinity for electrons (such as C) to atoms wtih molecular oxygen to produce a higher affinity for electrons (such as O) CO2 and water release free energy? which of the following c6h12o6 is oxidized and o2 is reduced statements describes the results of this reaction? c6h12o6+6 o2---> 6 CO2 +6H20 +energy when a molecule of NADP+ reduced gains a hydrogen atom, the molecule becomes which of the following NAD+ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis, statements describes NAD+ pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle where does glycolysis take cytosol the ATP made during glycolysis substrate- level phosphorylation is generated by the oxygen sonsumed during accepting electrons at the end of the electron cellular respiration is involved transport chain directly in which process or event? in addition to ATP, what are the NADH and pyruvate end products of glycolysis starting with one molecule of 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP glucose, the energy-containing products of glycolysis are in glycolysis, for each molecule two molecules of ATP are used and four molecules of glucose oxidized to of ATP are produced pyruvate why is glycolysis described as it uses stored ATP and then forms a net increase in having an investment phase ATP and a pay off phase which of the following acetyl COa intermediary metabolites enters the citric acid cycle and is formed, in part, by the removal of a carbon (CO2) from one molecule of pyruvate how many carbon atoms are fed into the citric acid cycle as a result of the oxidation of one 2 carbon dioxide is released oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and the citric during which of the following acid cycle states of cellular respiration during aerobic respiration, food>NADH>electron transport chain> oxygen electrong travel downhill in which sequence? where are the proteins of the mitochondrial inner membrane electron transport chain located? the primary role of oxygen in act as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen cellular respiration is to inside an active mitochondrion, citrtic acid cycle>NADH> electron transport most electrons follow which chain>oxygen pathway? during aerobic respiration, H20 molecular oxygen (O2) is formed. where does the oxygen atom for the formation of the water come from? when hydrogen ions are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into the intermembranespace, the result is the creation of a proton-motive force how many oxygen molecules 6 (O2) are required each time a molecule of glucose (c6h12o6) is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water via aerobic respiration? which of the following oxidative phosphorylation produces the most ATP when glucose is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water the synthesis of ATP by an endergonic reaction coupled to an exergonic oxidative phosphorylation, reaction using the energy released by movement of protons across the membrane down their electrochemical gradient, is an example of if a cell is able to synthesize 30 ATP molecules for each molecule of glucose completely oxidized by carbon dioxide and water, how many ATP molecules can the cell synthesize for each molecule of pyruvate oxidized to carbon dioxide and water 12 in liver cells, the inner it increases the surface for oxidative mitochondrial membranes are phosphorylation about 5 times the area of the outer mitochondrial membranes. What purpose must this serve? which catabolic process may glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, have been used by cells on tand oxidative phosphorylation, using an electron ancient Earth before free acceptor other than oxygen oxygen became available in the absence of oxygen, ATP, CO2, AND ethyl alcohol yeast cells can obtain energy by fermentation, resulting in the production of which statement best supports glycolysis is widespread and is found in the domains the hjypothesis that glycolysis bacteria, archea, and eukarya is an ancient metabolic pathway that originated before the last universal common ancestor of life on earth? you have a friend who lost 7kg it was released as CO2 and H2O of fat on a regiment of strict diet and exercise. how did the fat leave her body the chemical reaction for during the light reactions of photosynthesis, water is phoyosynthesis is 6 CO2 +12 split, removnig electrong and protons, and oxygen H2O +light energy --> c6h12o6 gas is released + 6 o2 + 6 H2O experimental evidence shows glycolysis is a universal energy releasing process that the process of glycolysis is and therefore suggests a common ancestor for all present and citrually identical forms of life in organisms from all three domains, archea, bacteria, and eukarya. which of the following hypotheses could be best supported by this evidence what is the relationship they are inversely related between wavelength of light and the quantity of energy per photon? which of the following are ATP and NADPH products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the calvin cycle where does the calvin cycle stroma and chloroplast take place in any ecosystem, terrestrial or autotroph aquatic, what group is always necessary when oxygen is released as a result of photosynthesis, it is a direct by product of splitting water molecules a plant has a unique blue and violet photosynthetic pigment. the least of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. what wavelenghts of visible light are being absorbed by this pigment which of the events listed light is absorbed and funneled to reaction-center below occurs in the light chlorophyll a reactions of photosynthesis which statement describes the the electron vacancies in P680 are filled by functioning of photosystem II electrons derived from water what are the products of linear ATP and NADPH photophosphorylation what does the chemiosmotic establishment of a proton gradient across the process in chloroplasts involve thylakoid membrane in a plant cell, where are the thylakoid membrane and inner mitochondrial ATP synthase complexes membrane located which of the following photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic statements best describes the molecules, whereas respiration releases it relationship between photosynthesis and respiration where are the molecules of the electron transport chain found thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts reduction of oxygen to form respiration only water occurs during reduction of NADP+ occurs photosynthesis during generation of proton gradients both photosynthesis and respiration across membranes occurs during the reactions that produce the light reactions alone molecular oxygen take place in what is the primary function of synthesize simple sugars from carbon dioxide the calvin cycle the NADPH required for the reactions initiated in photosystem I calvin cycle comes from reactions that require CO2 take the calvin cycle alone place in which of the follownig the light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the statements best represents the calvin cycle, and the cycle returns ADP, Pi and relationships between the light NADP+ the the light reactions reaction and the calvin cycle the pH of the inner thylakiod the pH within the thylakoid is less than that of the space has been measure, as stroma have the pH of the stroma and of the cytosol of a particular plant cell. Which, if any, relationship would you expect to find? compared to C3 plants, C4 can continue to fix CO2 even at relatively low CO2 plants concentration and high oxygen if the atmospheric CO2 c3 plants will have faster growth; c4 plants will be concentrations increase minimally affected twofold or more, how will plants be affected, disregarding any changes in climate? (picture) whows the abosrption other pigments absorb light in addition to spectrum for chlorophyll a and chlorophyll a the action spectrum for photosynthesis, why are they different what wavelength of light in the figure is most effective in driving photosynthesis 420