Cellular Respiration Mitochondria Worksheet

Read, Answer, Color, Label: Mitochondria Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell because they “burn” or break the chemical bonds in glucose to release energy to do work in a cell. Remember that this energy originally came from the sun and was stored in chemical bonds by plants during photosynthesis. Glucose, a simple sugar, and other carbohydrates made by plants during photosynthesis are broken down by the process of aerobic cellular respiration (requires oxygen) in the mitochondria of the cell. This releases energy (ATP) for the cell. The more active a cell (such as a muscle cell), the more mitochondria it will have. The mitochondria are about the size of a bacterial cell and are often peanutshaped. Mitochondria have their own DNA and a double membrane like the nucleus and the chloroplast. The outer membrane is smooth, while the inner membrane has many folds called cristae which help to increase the surface area of the membrane. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Why are mitochondria called the powerhouse of the cell? Because they “burn” or break the chemical bonds in glucose to release energy to do work in a cell What simple sugar is broken down in the mitochondria? glucose Where does the energy in glucose come from originally? The sun Where is this energy stored in glucose? Energy is stored in the bonds between atoms in the glucose molecule What cell process occurs in the mitochondria? cellular respiration Why is cellular respiration an aerobic process? What does this mean? Cellular respiration is called an aerobic process, because it needs oxygen/carbon dioxide to take place What energy is released when the chemical bonds of glucose are broken? ATP Why do some cells have more mitochondria? Give an example. Some cells have more mitochondria than others because they need to process more glucose and produce more ATP. For example, Muscle Cells Name two other organelles besides the mitochondria that contain DNA and have a double membrane. Nucleus and chloroplast Describe the outer membrane of the mitochondria. The outer membrane of the mitochondria is smooth Why is the inner mitochondrial membrane folded? The inner mitochondrial membrane is convoluted into folds to increase surface area. What are the folds called? The convoluted folds are called cristae Color and label the outer membrane (8) purple and the cristae (9) red on Figure 3. The cristae greatly increase the surface area of the membrane so that the carbohydrates (simple sugars) can combine with oxygen to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate). The electron transport chain takes place across the membranes of the cristae (9) (crista, singular). Inside the cristae is a space called the matrix that contains enzymes needed for the Kreb’s Cycle. Color and label the matrix (10) yellow on Figure 3. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy molecule used by cells to do work. It is a nucleotide consisting of a nitrogen-containing base (adenine, thymine, cytosine or guanine), a 5-carbon sugar, and 3 phosphate groups. ATP is able to store and transport chemical energy within cells. The last two phosphate groups are joined by highenergy bonds. When these bonds are broken, energy is released for cells to use and ADP forms. Enzymes help to break and reform these high-energy bonds. 13. What does ATP stand for? Adenosine triphosphate 14. What three things make up an ATP molecule? nitrogen-containing base, a 5-carbon sugar, and 3 phosphate groups 15. How many high-energy bonds does ATP contain? 2 16. Where are these high energy bonds found in ATP? The high-energy bonds are found between the phosphate groups 17. What helps weaken these bonds so energy can be released and then later help reform them? Enzymes 18. When ATP loses a phosphate group, energy is released for cells and a molecule of ADP forms. In Figure 4, color the 5-carbon sugar (11) red and label it ribose (11). Color and label the nitrogen base (12) blue. Color and label the 3 phosphate groups (13) yellow, and color and label the 2 high-energy bonds (14) green. Summary Questions: 19. What is the energy molecule of the cell called? ATP 20. What macromolecule made by plants is “burned” in the mitochondria? glucose and other carbohydrates 21. How would the number of mitochondria in an insect’s wing compare to the amount found in other cells in an insect’s body? Explain your answer. The number of mitochondria found in an insect's wing would be more numerous, because the insect's primary mode of locomotion are the wings (muscle cells in the wings help it move.) 22. What product of photosynthesis is used in cellular respiration? carbon dioxide, water, and energy 23. What is the advantage of having a folded inner membrane in the mitochondria? A mitochondria has a folded inner membrane to increase the surface area 24. a. b. c. d. What is the diagram below representing? ATP Molecule Label and color the 3 phosphate groups purple. Label and color the 5-carbon sugar (ribose) red. Label and color the adenine base yellow. 3