Cheat Sheet - Final Biochem Part VII

Capitulo 7/8/9 1- As a result of rotation about six of its bonds, DNA can exist in a variety of forms. Determine whether each of the images and properties represents or describes the A form, B form, or Z form of DNA. 2- Which of the following methods would you used to clone a 25 Kbp DNA fragment? 3- The given figure shows the denaturation curves for three DNA samples. Move the labels to their appropriate targets on the curves. Then, answer the two questions. 4- The chromatogram shows fluorescent peak data from a dye-terminating nucleotide-sequencing reaction. The peaks are shown with shortest fragment on the left to longer fragments on the right. 5- Determine whether each phrase describes starch, glycogen, or cellulose. 6- Classify the descriptions as pertaining to nucleosides, nucleotides, or both nucleosides and nucleotides. 7- DNA can undergo many types of modifications. One of these is methylation. 8- Select the phrases that accurately describe properties of the most common form of the DNA double helix. 9- Refer to the image of a DNA molecule. Solid lines represent strong bonds formed when electrons are shared by two atoms. Dotted lines represent weak bonds formed by an attraction between two atoms that do not share electrons. 10- Oligosaccharide residues on cell surfaces provide recognition sites for a variety of functions, including cell–cell adhesion, movement of immune cells through capillary walls, viral attachment and infection of cells, and targeting of red blood cells and serum proteins for destruction. 11- DNA and RNA are structurally similar in some ways but different in others. Identify whether each of the statements applies to DNA, RNA, both RNA and DNA, or neither DNA nor RNA. 12- Using X-ray crystallography, Rosalind Franklin was able to produce X-ray diffraction images of DNA that were clearer than any previously produced images. 13- Which statement regarding cloning vectors is false? 14- Classify each description as a property of cellulose only, chitin only, or both cellulose and chitin. 15- DNA can undergo many types of modifications. One of these is methylation. 16- Identify two structural features of purines and pyrimidines. 17- The autoradiogram shown was obtained from a DNA sequencing method called Sanger sequencing or dideoxy sequencing. The arrow shows the direction of migration of the DNA samples during electrophoresis. 18- What is the primary function of lectins? 19- An analysis is performed to determine the proportions of each of the four nucleotide bases in the DNA of several tissue samples from various species. The results appear in the table. 20- Restriction endonucleases 21- Proteoglycans are part of the extracellular matrix; they provide structure, viscosity and lubrication, and adhesiveness. They are composed of proteins conjugated to carbohydrate components called glycosaminoglycans. The glycosaminoglycan component makes up the majority of the mass of a proteoglycan. 22- Assign each statement to the corresponding polysaccharide. 23- When cloning a foreign DNA fragment into a plasmid, it is often useful to insert the fragment at a site that interrupts a selectable marker (such as the tetracycline-resistance gene of pBR322). The loss of function of the interrupted gene can be used to identify clones containing recombinant plasmids with foreign DNA. 24- Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are heteropolysaccharides composed of repeating disaccharide units. These units have some similar characteristics that allow them to be identified as GAGs. 25- Name the nucleosides or nucleotides.