University:
Ball State University
Course:
GER 303 | Grammar
Academic year:

2024
Views:

332

Pages:

2
Author:

Joe R.

GRAMMAR LECTURE NOTES 4 1-We use a comma to separate words, phrases, or clauses in a series. We need books, pencils, and chairs. We played tennis, took walks, and went swimming. We use commas to set. off days of the week dates addresse, and geographical names . He lives in Chicago, Illinois. It happened on Friday, October 9, 1970. We use commas to set off parenthetical expressions words in direct address, and appositives. He was, to be sure, an excellent diplomat. And so, my friends, you can see the results. John Smith, our butcher, was hurt recently 2. Nonrestrictive clauses do not limit or define, the are parenthetic and are set off by commas. John, who is clever, passes all his exams. San Francisco, where we met, is a beautiful city. Restrictive clauses identify or define the antecedent noun. They are not parenthetic and are not set off by commas. Any boy who is clever passes all his exams. The place where we met is a beautiful city. 3. We use a comma before a conjunction joining two In the North there are many Wheat fields,but in the south cotton fields predominate. We had great trouble in reaching him, but at last he answered. If two independent : clauses are closely related in meaning, but are not connected by a conjunction, we can join them with a semicolon. In the North there are many Wheat fields cotton fields predominate. We had great trouble in reaching; him at last,however,he answered. 4. No is an adjective.We use it only to modify nouns. Not is an adverb. We use it to modify verbs. He has no money and does not speak English. We can also use not beffor much, many, any, enough, and any article or numeral modifyiing a noun. Not many people cam to the meeting. 5. We use until when referring to time. I‘m going to stay here until next week. We use to and as far as when referring to distanee. She walked to 79th Street. He rode. With me as far as New York.