University:
Ball State University
Course:
GER 303 | Grammar
Academic year:

2024
Views:

343

Pages:

3
Author:

Joe R.

GRAMMAR LECTURE NOTES 1 1-Should and ought to express obligation. They have the same meanin and can be used interchangeably. Should is more common than ought to. He should spend more time on his homework. He ought to spend more time on his homework. You should not smoke so much. You ought not to smoke so much. 2-We form the past tense of should and ought to with have and the past participle of the main verb. You should study more. You should have studied more. He ought to finish his work. He ought to have finished his work. Note that the past tense forms of should and ought to have a negative force : they indicate that something was not done. 3-A conditional sentence has two clauses, a dependent clause beginning with if and a main clause. If you study, you will pass your exam. In a future-possible conditional sentence, the dependent clause is in the present tense and the main clause is in the future tense. If I have enough money, I will fly to California. 4-In a present-unreal conditional sentence, the dependent clause is in the past tense and the main clause uses would, should, cloud, or might. If you studied, you would pass your exam. If I had enough money, I would fly to Califomla. 5-Dependent clauses of present-unreal conditional semen tense of all verbs except to be. To be uses were in all person in these clauses I were you were we were you were he were she were it were they were If I were you. I would study. If he were here, he could answer your question. 6-In a past-unreal conditional sentence, the dependent clause is in the past perfect tense and the main clause uses would have, should have, or might have. If you had studied, you would have passed your exam. If I had had enough money, I would have flown to California. 7-We learned on page 41 that when dependent clauses introduced by if describe a future condition, they take the present tense. Similarly, when dependent clauses introduced by until, when, as soon as, before, Unless as long as, and while describe a future condition, they also take the present tense. If it rains, we will go inside. When it rains, we will go inside. As soon as it rains, we will go inside. We will stay outside until it rains.