University:
Ball State University
Course:
GER 303 | Grammar
Academic year:

2024
Views:

341

Pages:

3
Author:

Joe R.

GRAMMAR LECTURE NOTES 3 1-We form the present perfect continuous tense with have (has) been and the present participle of the main verb. I have been working you have been working he has been working she has been working it has been working we have been working you have been working they have been working 2-The present perfect continuous tense describes an action that began in the past and has continued up to the present. In many cases it be used interchangeably with the present perfect tense. They have lived here for five years. They have been living here for five years. 3-We form negatives with the present perfect and present prefect continuous tenses by placing not after have (has). They have not lived there very long. She has not been studying English. The contractions haven't and hasn't are generally used. We form questions with the perfect tenses by placing have (has) befor the subject. Have they lived there very long? Has she been studying English? 4-For shows the length of time of the action. He has worked there for six months Since shows the time that the action began He has worked there since February. 5-We use yet only in negatives and questions. John hasn't called yet. Has john called yet ? We use already in affirmative statements and questions. They have already left. Have they already left ? 6-We use say for direct quotation. John said, "I am very busy." Mary said to me, "I don't feel well." . We use say for indirect quotation when the person to whom are said is not mentioned. The Words John said that he was very busy. We use tell for indirect quotation when the person to whom the Words are said is mentioned. Mary told me that she didn't feel well. We also use tell in the following special ways : to tell the truth to tell a lie to tell a story to tell about something 7-We use may to show permission. You may smoke here. (You are permitted to smoke here.) We also use may to indicate possible future action. He may leave tomorrow. (It is possible that he will leave tomorrow.)