Bio-Manufacturing Solutions Workshop

Energy sector and transportation fuels remain a prominent factor contributing to GHG emissions Sizing up the challenge: Net emissions today are ~6 GtCO2e/y 7000 energy & industry 7000 Million metric tonnes CO2e Million metric tonnes CO2e 8000 residential commercial agriculture 6000 5000 industry 4000 3000 electricity generation 2000 1000 0 1990 2000 2005 2010 Net Emissions 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 agriculture 0 transportation 1995 6000 2015 land sink -1000 1990 2000 2010 2020 Princeton_NZA_Interim_Report_15_Dec_2020_FINAL EPA GHG Inventory Total global emissions rate is ∼40 GtCO2/year. (Majumdar and Deutsch, Joule 2018) RETURN TO TABLE OF CONTENTS UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Energy sector and transportation fuels remain a prominent factor contributing to GHG emissions In the U.S. petroleum is the primary source for transportation fuels and chemicals Petroleum products made from a barrel of crude oil Source: U.S. Department of Energy UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Sustainably-grown biomass could be a source for a significant fraction of these fuels A billion dry tons of sustainable biomass has the potential to.. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA The US. Department of Energy has funded Four Bioenergy Research Centers The BRC mission is to develop the science, technology, and knowledgebase necessary to enable sustainable, costeffective production of advanced biofuels and bioproducts from nonfood plant biomass in support of a new biobased economy. Sustainability Feedstock development Deconstruction Conversion Total funding going back to 2007 > 1B UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA JBEI’s basic science provides • Engineered bioenergy crops with low susceptibility to disease and drought that can be readily deconstructed into sugar and aromatic intermediates • An feedstock agnostic deconstruction process using ionic liquids that liberates ≥ 90% of sugars and lignin-derived intermediates • Engineered microorganisms that simultaneously utilize the sugars and lignin-derived intermediates to produce targets at industrially relevant titers, rates, and yields (TRY) UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA The goal is to provide many options WT vs. QsuB Glucose Xylose OOC HO N NH 2 NH 2 HO Engineered Feedstocks Biofuel COO- OOC N Bisabolen e NH 2 NH 2 HO PCA (QsuB) OH One Pot UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Engineered R. toruloides Bisabolane Biosynthetic alternative to D2 diesel fuel Abundant sustainable and renewable Feedstocks vary geographically Plant-based biomass can vary considerably and require different deconstruction and thus different downstream conversion host Lignocellulosic biomass is sugars (2/3) and aromatics (1/3) Cultivated Lignocellulosic biomass is not the only carbon feedstock Gas feedstocks Ag Waste/ forage Municipal solid waste Other waste streams Dahmen et al 2018 GCB-Bioenergy We need conversion systems for all of these available feedstocks UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Considerations for host microbe selection .. Consume feedstock components maintain the right metabolism at scale Biomanufacturing can target a range of products tolerate inhibitors in carbon source Flux to key intermediate or product tolerate intermediates and final products Engineerable for pathways and other attributes Are all target bioproducts amenable to all hosts? No.. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Bioproduct case study: Need for sustainable materials for dyes and pigments https://aecom.com/blog/la-denim-city-2 Indigo Indigoidine Is this pigment really the best candidate to reduce GHG emissions?? Both TEA and LCA are required UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Common industrial yeast would not be the ideal candidate for this compound Molar yields using Glucose Different industrial hosts used as production platforms P. putida C. glutamicum E.coli R. toruloides S. cerevisiae Indigoidine 0.54 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.079 Glutamine 1.14 1 1.14 1.12 0.48 Biomass Genome-scale metabolic model 0.098 0.092 0.088 0.075 0.029 iJN146 21 iCW7732 ATPM 0.92 - ATPM – ATP maintenance UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA iML15153 iRhto1108C4 6.86 1.012 iMM9045 1 Microbes engineered and optimized to produce high levels of Indigoidine ~ 18 g/ L P. putida Glc/Gal PrOSE Engineered for scale. 0.3 0.2 0.1 ba tc h 0 25 dFe 2L A m br ef ak Sh ee UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA ® la s el k l 0.0 D P. putida is a soil bacterium > 25 g/ L P. putida Control 0.4 pw Indigoidine Yields (g/g of glucose) R. toruloides is a oleaginous yeast Team Science Long term goals Need partners ABPDU understands and solves Scale-up Challenges Supported by DOE EERE from the BioEnergy Technologies Office (BETO) Worked with over 60 companies Supporting Industry in Raising Non-Dilutive Funds Securing Private Financing UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DOE Agile BioFoundry • Goal: Enable biorefineries to achieve 50% reductions in time to bioprocess scale-up as compared to the current average of around 10 years by establishing a distributed Agile BioFoundry to productionize synthetic biology • Outcomes: Development and deployment of technologies enabling commercially relevant biomanufacturing of a wide range of bioproducts by both new and established industrial hosts • Relevance: $20M/year public infrastructure investment that increases U.S. industrial competitiveness and enables opportunities for private sector growth and jobs • Risks: Past learnings do not transfer well across target molecules and microbial hosts. Experiment data sets are of insufficient quality/quantity/consistency to learn from UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Barriers – these are interrelated topics The barriers that limit biomanufacturing’s contributions to climate change mitigation include: •Lack of focus on and support for this objective among bioscientists and -engineers •Mismatch between organisms used in laboratories and those best-suited to biomanufacturing •Difficulty and cost of using the most abundant and sustainable feedstocks •Inefficiency of scaled-up processes and high cost of separation and purification •Inability to predict results of scaling-up, leading to variation in output •Insufficient systems for data analysis and integration •Lack of domestic intermediate-scale facilities for process development and optimization •Lack of funding for demonstration and early commercial production facilities •Poor technology transfer and lack of standardized process recipe tools •Weakness of end-use markets to stimulate sufficient private investments in innovation •Potential conflicts over the future of agriculture UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Next steps.. (no silver bullets) • Renewable Jet fuels is a key piece in GHG reductions. – Careful selection (TEA, LCA) of non-fuel targets can help offset GHG emissions in meaningful ways • Development of the process needs to consider – Diverse Feedstocks and starting material – Selecting the host to match the feedstock and product – Starting with Scalability and separations in mind • Federal funds support many valuable efforts – DOE, USDA and others but this interdisciplinary problem requires cross/ inter-agency work • For successful tech transfer – The pieces need to come together – team science – End to end optimizations take time – long term funding – Big team long term projects may need different set of incentives and metrics to measure success, than what is currently in place • More such workshops that initiate/ continue dialogue on what barriers still exist. With Scientists, engineers, economists – we may also need social science folks. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA