Biology - Study Guide Enzymes

Study Guide: Enzymes 1. Which protein is activated to walk toward the basal body of the microtubules during the bending of flagella and cilia? a. Tubulin b. Actin c. Myosin d. Dynein 2. What is found in the axonemes of flagella and cilia? a. Intermediate filaments b. Myosin c. Microtubules d. Actin e. Dynein 3. The movement of ___ involves the propagation of a bend from their head to their tip. 4. Which of the following eukaryotic appendages function via bending movements? a. Both cilia and flagella b. Cilia only c. Flagella only d. Neither 5. Basal bodies provide a site for the growth of a. Motor proteins b. Actin filaments c. Microtubules d. Intermediate filaments 6. Motor proteins promote movement by ___ a. Alternately twisting clockwise and counterclockwise b. Growing and shrinking c. Walking along filament proteins 7. In eukaryotic cells, cilia are typically ___ than flagella. a. Shorter and less numerous b. Longer and more numerous c. Longer and less numerous d. Shorter and more numerous 8. What types of movement are promoted by motor proteins? a. Movement of cargo b. Bending of a filament c. Elongation of a filament d. Movement of a filament e. Opening of a channel protein 9. What statement best describes motor proteins? a. A category of proteins that use no energy to move b. A category of proteins that use ATP as a source of energy to move c. A category of proteins that use a proton pump to move d. A category of proteins that use ATP as a source of energy to move 10. Which of these statements best describes actin filaments? a. A spiral of two intertwined strands of protein b. Hollow tubule composed of the protein tubulin c. Twisted filament that can be composed of keratin or lamin 11. Which of these statements best describes intermediate filaments? a. Hollow tubule composed of the protein tubulin b. Twisted filament that can be composed of keratin or lamin c. Hollow tubule composed of keratin and lamin d. Two intertwined strands composed of actin 12. What are the functions of actin filaments? a. Supporting the plasma membrane b. Providing mechanical strength for a cell c. Anchoring the nuclear membrane d. Moving chromosomes during cell division e. Mediating cell movement 13. The functions of microtubules include: a. facilitating muscle contraction. b. maintaining cell shape and organization. c. Moving chromosomes during mitosis. d. Providing mechanical strength for cells. 14. What term describes the oscillation of a single microtubule between growing and shortening phases? a. Dynamic instability b. Dynamic oscillation c. Dynamic variability 15. Microtubules are cytoskeletal structures composed of the protein: a. tubulin b. actin c. flagellin d. peptin 16. What are the three types of cytoskeletal filaments? a. Intermediate filaments b. Motor proteins c. B-pleated sheet d. a-helix e. Microtubules f. Actin filaments 17. Dynamic instability refers to the ability of a microtubule to: a. grow and shrink. b. hydrolyze ATP. c. attach to different subcellular structures. d. change its subunit composition. 18. In order for molecules to achieve the transition state, ____ energy is necessary. 19. Lowering the activation energy of a chemical reaction will: a. cause a nonspontaneous reaction to occur spontaneously. b. change the affinity of the substrate for an enzyme. c. change the rate of the reaction but will not change its direction. 20. An enzyme accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction by: a. increasing the AG of the reaction. b. decreasing the AG of the reaction. c. increasing the activation energy. d. lowering the activation energy. 21. If the activation energy of a chemical reaction is lowered it will: a. not change the direction of the reaction. b. change the direction of the reaction. c. decrease the rate of the reaction. d. increase the rate of the reaction 22. What is a substrate? a. The catalyst of a chemical reaction b. The products of a chemical reaction c. A reactant molecule that binds to the active site of an enzyme d. The location on the enzyme where chemical reactions take place 23. Where does a substrate bind on an enzyme in order for a chemical reaction to take place? a. Carbon molecules b. Catalytic site c. Enzyme-substrate complex d. Active site 24. What is produced by the binding of enzyme and substrate? a. Catalyst b. Enzyme-substrate complex c. Transition state d. Activation energy 25. Identify the two reasons that catabolism is necessary. a. To synthesize molecules b. To utilize energy c. To provide building blocks 26. Translation is an example of: a. catabolism. b. anabolism. c. both anabolism and catabolism. 27. What is a noncompetitive inhibitor? a. A molecule that binds to the substrate and prevents it from interacting with the enzyme b. A molecule that binds to an allosteric site and prevents the proper functioning of an enzyme c. A molecule that binds to the active site and prevents the proper functioning of an enzyme 28. What is an allosteric site? a. A site on an enzyme where competitive inhibitors bind b. A site on an enzyme where substrates bind c. A site on an enzyme outside of the active site 29. What is a noncompetitive inhibitor? a. A molecule that binds to an allosteric site and prevents the proper functioning of an enzyme b. A molecule that binds to the substrate and prevents it from interacting with the enzyme c. A molecule that binds to the active site and prevents the proper functioning of an enzyme 30. What can be done to overcome the effect of a competitive inhibitor on the rate of an enzyme-catalvzed reaction? a. Increasing the temperature b. Increasing the substrate concentration c. Changing the ph