Personality and Values Answers Chapter 4-8

Chapter 4 Personality and Values -Test 2 Questions 1) Ellen Athers works as a communication executive at a travel house. She is known to be friendly with her colleagues and interacts with them regularly to build strong work relationships. She knows that her rapport with her coworkers is a crucial part of her work and invests time in these relationships. In addition, she is assertive in making decisions, and colleagues take her decisions seriously. Which of the following types is Athers most likely to be characterized as according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification? C) extraverted Answer: C 2) Elaine Chamberlain works as a research executive at an environmental organization. Though her colleagues are helpful and friendly, because of her shy nature, she often eats her lunch at her desk and has limited interactions with them. She is glad that her nature of work does not require her to interact with her co-workers to a high extent. Which of the following types is Chamberlain most likely to be characterized as according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification? B) introverted Answer: B 3) According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, introverted- intuitive-thinking-judging type of people are ________. A) visionaries Answer: A 4) People with an ESTJ (Extraversion, Sensing, Thinking, Judgment) personality type are characterized as ________ according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification. C) decisive Answer: C 5) According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people with an ENTP personality type are most likely to be ________. B) innovative Answer: B 6) What does the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classification of "E or I" stand for? C) extraverted/introverted Answer: C 7) What does the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classification of S versus N stand for? A) sensing/intuitive Answer: A 8) Which dimension of the Big Five model refers to an individual's propensity to defer to others? B) agreeableness Answer: B 9) Which dimension of the Big Five model is a measure of reliability? C) conscientiousness Answer: C 10) Among the Big Five model traits, ________ is most strongly related to life satisfaction, job satisfaction, and reduced intentions to quit and burn out. D) emotional stability Answer: D 11) ________ refers to the tendency to be arrogant, have a grandiose sense of self- importance, require excessive admiration, and have a sense of entitlement. D) Narcissism Answer: D 12) During an annual review, Michel Godfrey made the following assertion: "When I look at myself and my performance, I see that what I have achieved is outstanding and something no one in the organization has the capacity to undertake. Surprisingly, it has not won me the admiration of my colleagues like it should have. I also believe that I do not just deserve a raise, but need one, since without me, let's face it, the place would simply fall apart." Which of the following personality traits best describes Michel's personality? D) narcissism Answer: D 13) Which of the following is true about narcissists? C) They are more likely to emerge as leaders.. Answer: C 14) Which of the following differentiates introverts from extraverts? E) Introverts experience less burnout than extraverts. Answer: E 15) Which of the following personality traits indicates the degree to which a person is unemotional and pragmatic and believes that ends can justify means? B) Machiavellianism Answer: B 16) ________ refers to bottom-line conclusions individuals have about their capabilities, competence, and worth as a person. A) Core self-evaluation Answer: A 17) Which of the following statements is true about people with positive core self- evaluations? A) They are committed to their goals and set ambitious goals. Answer: A 18) Individuals scoring ________ have a strong ability to adjust their behavior to external, situational factors and can behave differently in different situations. D) high on self-monitoring Answer: D 19) Individuals low in self-monitoring ________. A) tend to display their true dispositions and attitudes in every situation Answer: A 20) As compared to high self-monitors, low self-monitors ________. D) are less likely to emerge as leaders Answer: D 21) Which of the following traits has a negative effect on job search? E) Low self-efficacy Answer: E 22) Which of the following is true regarding values? C) They have content and intensity attributes. Answer: C Explanation: Values contain a judgmental element in that they carry an individual's ideas as to what is right, good, or desirable. Values have both content and intensity attributes. Values tend to be relatively stable and enduring. A significant portion of the values we hold is established in our early years. Values may change, but more often they are reinforced. 23) An individual's value system is obtained by ranking the person's values in terms of their intensity. Answer: TRUE 24) With reference to the Hofstede's Framework for Assessing Cultures, ________ emphasizes a tight social framework in which people expect others in groups of which they are a part to look after them and protect them. D) collectivism Answer: D Explanation: Collectivism emphasizes a tight social framework in which people expect others in groups of which they are a part to look after them and protect them. 25) According to Hofstede's framework, individualism describes the degree to which people in a country accept that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally. Answer: FALSE 26) According to Hofstede's framework, ________ indicates the degree to which people in a country prefer structured over unstructured situations. D) uncertainty avoidance Answer: D 27) With reference to the Hofstede's framework, a class or caste system that discourages upward mobility is more likely to exist in a nation that scores ________. C) high on power distance 28) Which of the following terms describes basic convictions that "a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite mode of conduct"? A) values Answer: A 29) Milton Rokeach organized values into two categories: ________ values and ________ values. A) instrumental; terminal Answer: A 30) According to Milton Rokeach, ________ values refer to desirable endstates. E) terminal Answer: E 31) Which of the following is a terminal value according to Milton Rokeach? D) social recognition Answer: D 32) Which of the following is true regarding the baby boomer generation? C) They give high importance to achievement and loyalty. Answer: C 33) With reference to John Holland's personality-job fit theory, people belonging to the realistic type will be most suitable for the job of a(n) ________. C) mechanic Answer: C 34) Millennials have high expectations, seek meaning in their work, and have life goals oriented toward becoming rich and famous. Answer: TRUE 35) John Holland's personality-job fit theory presents six personality types. Which of the following is one of these six types? D) investigative Answer: D 36) According to Hofstede's five value dimensions of national culture, people in a culture with long-term orientation look to the future and value thrift, persistence, and tradition. Answer: TRUE 37) With reference to John Holland's personality-job fit theory, people belonging to the ________ type prefer verbal activities in which there are opportunities to influence others and attain powers. D) enterprising Answer: D 38) Which of the following is an instrumental value according to Milton Rokeach? C) personal discipline Answer: C Chapter 5 : Perception and Individual Decision Making 39) ________ is the process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment. E) Perception Answer: E 40) When two people witness something at the same time and in the same situation yet 32) interpret it differently, factors that operate to shape their perceptions reside in the ________. A) perceivers Answer: A 41) ________ explains the ways in which we judge people differently, depending on the meaning we assign to a given behavior. A) Attribution theory Answer: A 42) A manager doing performance appraisals gives more weight to recent employee behaviors than to behaviors of six or nine months earlier. This shows that the manager's perception is affected by ________ bias. A) self-serving B) availability Answer: B 43) An area of study that analyzes how people behave when confronted with ethical dilemmas is ________. B) behavioral ethics Answer: B 44) Individuals who report unethical practices by their employer to outsiders are known as ________. D) whistle-blowers Answer: D Chapter 6 : Emotions and Moods 45) Which of the following is not true regarding positive and negative emotions in different cultures? E) In Brazil, people embrace negative emotions and expressions. Answer: E 46) Surface acting deals only with ________ emotions. E) displayed Answer: E 47) ________ refers to feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that lack a contextual stimulus. C) Mood Answer: C 48) Emotions such as relaxation, serenity, and calmness comprise the ________ mood dimension. A) low positive affect Answer: A 49) Moods are more intense than emotions and invariably arise because of a specific event acting as a stimulus. Answer: FALSE 50) Studying facial expressions is a good way to identify basic emotions. Answer: FALSE 51) Which of the following is true about emotions? D) They are critical to rational thinking. Answer: D 52) Which of the following is an example of an epicurean activity which helps increase a person's positive mood? D) eating a meal with friends Answer: D 53) Which of the following statements is true regarding sources of moods and emotions? B) Physical and informal activities increase positive mood. Answer: B 54) A situation in which an employee expresses organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work is known as ________. A) emotional labor Answer: A 55) ________ refers to inconsistencies between the emotions people feel and the emotions they project. B) Emotional dissonance Answer: B 56) ________ emotions are emotions that people experience, despite what they might display. A) Felt Answer: A 57) Which of the following terms refers to the practice of hiding feelings and foregoing emotional expressions in response to display rules? A) surface acting Answer: A 58) Which of the following terms refers to the practice of hiding feelings and foregoing emotional expressions in response to display rules? A) surface acting Answer: A 59) Which of the following terms refers to the practice of hiding feelings and foregoing emotional expressions in response to display rules? A) surface acting Answer: A 60) Which of the following terms refers to a person's ability to detect and to manage emotional cues and information? A) emotional intelligence Answer: A 61) Which of the following is an argument used against emotional intelligence? D) It cannot be measured easily and measures of EI are diverse. . Answer: D Chapter 7: Motivation Concepts 62) Which of the following theories proposes that people prefer to feel they have control over their actions, so anything that makes a previously enjoyed task feel more like an obligation than a freely chosen activity will undermine motivation? D) self-determination theory Answer: D 63) Based on the equity theory, which of the following, if true, would strengthen the argument that Megan is trying to gain a sense of equity by distorting her perception of herself? B) She believes that she is less capable than her colleague. Answer: B 64) Edith believes that the methods for determining salary hikes and bonuses in her company are extremely unfair. In this case, Edith perceives a lack of ________ justice. D) procedural 65) Which of the following types of justice relates most strongly to job satisfaction, employee trust, withdrawal from the organization, job performance, and citizenship behaviors? D) procedural justice 66) Which of the following theories discusses three relationships: effort-performance relationship, performance-reward relationship, and rewards-personal goals relationship? D) expectancy theory Answer: D 67) According to the expectancy theory, the performance-reward relationship is the degree to which ________. A) the individual believes performing at a particular level will lead to desired outcomes Answer: A 68) Mark is an excellent technical writer. He has never missed a deadline and all his projects are of superior quality. He now wants to telecommute two days a week, so that he can spend more time with his family. He feels that he has proven his reliability. However, his boss is unable to comply with his request and gives him a substantial raise instead. According to the expectancy theory, Mark's disappointment demonstrates a breakdown in the C) rewards-personal goals Answer: C Chapter 8 :Motivation: From Concepts to Applications 69) Which of the following statements is true regarding flexible benefits? D) Flexible benefits can be altered to meet employee needs based on age, marital status, and number and age of dependents. 70) Extraverted and emotionally stable individuals tend to be more receptive to and perform better under pay for performance, whereas conscientious employees are not as receptive. Answer: TRUE 71) According to the job characteristics model, autonomy is defined as the degree to which ________. C) a job provides the worker freedom, independence, and discretion Answer: C 72) One way to possibly make jobs more ________ would be to connect employees with the beneficiaries of their work or service that they provide. B) prosocially motivating Answer: B 73) The periodic shifting of an employee from one task to another with similar skill requirements at the same organizational level is defined as ________. C) job rotation Answer: C 74) To be effective, an employee involvement program must ________. B) be tailored to local and national norms Answer: B