University:
Cambridge College
Course:
SCI 225W | Foundations in Biology
Academic year:

2023
Views:

412

Pages:

2
Author:

M Theodore

Stages of Protein Synthesis Protein synthesis is a complex process, including the translation of codes in RNA into polypeptides. Protein synthesis involves DNA, RNA, ribosomes, amino acids, and enzymes. Protein synthesis requires the basic ingredients of amino acids, and takes place in the cell nucleus and ribosomes.The relationship between DNA, RNA and protein coding involves: 1. DNA replication to form new DNA. 2. DNA transcription creates an mRNA template. 3. Translation of the code from the mRNA template to the correct amino acid sequencespecific to a protein. The protein synthesis process has 2 stages, namely: 1. Transcription       Takes place in the cell nucleus. It starts with the opening of the "Double Helix" ribbon by the DNA polymerase enzyme. The DNA band that functions as RNA printing is called the template or sense (codogen) band and the DNA band that does not print RNA is called the antisense band. The RNA ribbon is formed along the DNA template ribbon with the nitrogen base sequence complementary to the nitrogen bases in the DNA template ribbon. The RNA ribbon that has finished receiving the genetic message from the printing DNA ribbon immediately leaves the nucleus and goes to the ribosome, the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. The RNA ribbon places itself at the neck of the ribosome. RNA in the cytoplasm is getting ready to play a role in the next protein synthesis process. Each of these RNAs binds one amino acid which contains ATP. 2. Translation  After RNAd and RNAt arrive at the ribosome, the three nitrogen bases in the RNAt anticodon pair with the three nitrogen bases in the RNAd codon. For example, AUG in the RNAd codon pairs with UAC in the RNAt anticodon, so that the amino acid bound by RNAt is methionine. Thus, the name of the amino acid is a translation of the nitrogen bases in RNAd.     Ribosomes with RNAd move one to another. An amino acid is added to the protein being formed. The first amino acid (methionine) immediately escapes from the RNAt back into the cytoplasm to repeat its function in the same way.The next RNAt comes to pair with the next RNAd codon. This overall process is continuous until a certain polypeptide is formed which consists of amino acids with a certain sequence of nitrogen bases.

Stages of Protein Synthesis

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