Cloning Ws Answer Key

Cloning Ws Answer Key 1. Compare and contrast the following methods of Cloning: Similarities Embryo Twinning Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer • It makes an exact copy of the genes. • It is done with a surrogate mother. • It makes an exact copy of the genes. • It is done with a surrogate mother. Differences • The cells of an embryo are separated by hand. • Genetic material is put into an egg cell that has lost its nucleus. 2. How does Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) differ from the natural way of making an embryo? Answer: There is only one place where all of the chromosomes come from, not two places like egg and sperm. That place is the somatic cell nucleus. 3. “Click and Clone” to create a mouse clone. Write the steps involved in cloning your mouse below (continue on back if necessary): Answer: a) isolating donor somatic and egg cells b) enucleating the egg cell c) moving the somatic cell's nucleus into the egg cell's empty nucleus d) chemically stimulating the new cell to divide until it becomes a morula, e) implanting the morula into a surrogate mother. 4. What color coat will your mouse clone have? Answer: Brown 5. Briefly explain the medical reasons for cloning. Answer: Cloning animal models of disease Cloning stem cells for research “Pharming” for drug production 6. List reasons, other than medical, for cloning. Answer: Reviving endangered or extinct species Reproducing a deceased pet Cloning humans 7. What was the fi rst organism to be cloned? How was it done? In what year did this take place? Answer: In 1885, a sea urchin was the first living thing to be cloned. A two-celled embryo had to be shaken until the cells split apart. 8. What was the first organism to be cloned using nuclear transfer? Answer: A frog. 9. How were the first cows cloned? Answer: An electric shock was used to join embryonic cells with egg cells that had their nuclei taken out. 10. What organism helped prove that cloning could be done using cells from males (up to this point all cloning experiments had been carried out using cells from females)? What was the organism’s name? Answer: A mouse named Fibro. 11. In what year was the first human clone created and what stage of development did it reach before it stopped growing? Answer: In 2001 Advanced Cell Technology (ACT) produced the first cloned human embryo. The embryo reached the six-cell stage and then stopped dividing. 12. Give at least two reasons why a clone might not necessarily be a carbon copy of the donor organism. Answer: Answers might include: Different environmental factor The organisms would be raised differently Personalities and behaviors would be different Differences in gene activation X inactivation 13. Name the two animals (they are the same species) that serve as an example. Answer: The cats Rainbow and CC. 14. List and briefly explain the risks of cloning. Answer: Cloning has a high failure rate because the egg and nucleus may not be compatible, there may be problems with development, or there may be issues with the pregnancy itself. Problems later on in development—bodies that are bigger than normal can cause issues Gene expression patterns that aren't normal: transferred nuclei need to be reprogrammed to act like early embryonic cells by activating genes in the right way.. Telomeric differences: As we age, the telomere lengths of our chromosomes get shorter. This could change cloning if older living things are used as donors of somatic cells. 15. Choose one of the questions raised in “What Are Some Issues In Cloning?”. Write the question and your response to it below. Answer: Depends on you.