University:
College
Course:
College Psychology
Academic year:

2020
Views:

228

Pages:

19
Author:

Ehelizenza0

WHS AP Psychology Unit 10: Personality Essential Task 10-4:Compare and contrast the psychoanalytic, humanistic and Cognitive-Social Learning Theory with specific attention to Bandura's expectances, performance standards, self-efficacy, locus of control, and learned helplessness. Psychosexual Stages Triarchic Theory Projective Objective Personality Tests Freud’s Theory Unit 10 Psychodynamic Trait Theory (Big 5) Personality We are here NeoFreudians Humanistic Theories Social Cognitive Theory Jung Horney Bandura Adler Rogers Maslow OA 1. 2. 3. 4. Describe what Psychoanalysis approach focus on in personality development? Describe what Humanistic approach focus on in personality development? Describe what Trait approach focus on in personality development? Describe each approaches weakness or criticisms: Schools – The psychoanalytic perspective – emphasizes the importance of unconscious processes and the influence of early childhood experiences Personality Theories – The humanistic perspective – emphasizing the self and the fulfillment of a person’s unique potential – The social cognitive perspective – emphasizing learning and conscious cognitive processes, – The trait perspective – emphasizes the description and measurement of specific personality differences among individuals Personal Control • Self-control is the ability to control impulses & delay gratification. – PREDICTS: good adjustment, better grades & social success – REQUIRES: effort, attention & energy Personal Control • Internal vs. External locus of control –External locus of control - the perception that chance or outside forces beyond your personal control determine your fate. –Internal locus of control - the perception that you control your own fate. Cognitive-Social Learning Theories in Personality • Albert Bandura • We each have a set of personal standards that grew out of our own life history and thus shape our behavior. • In this light, behavior is seen as the interaction of cognition, learning, and the current environment. Outline • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y o4WF3cSd9Q 1. Describe the Marshmallow test. Cognitive-Social Learning Theories in Personality Environment Learning Cognition Albert Bandura: Reciprocal determinism is the interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, & environment. Interlocking & mutual. Expectancies • What a person expects from a situation or from their own behavior • people evaluate situations based on these • Expectancies are formed from personal preferences/past experiences • The actual feedback will in turn mold future expectancies Self-efficacy • The expectancy that your efforts will be successful • individual's belief in his or her capacity to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments • Confidence • Sense of control • NOT SELF ESTEEM! Our self concept or how we evaluate our self • This “Humanistic” term is no longer a focus in therapies Collective Efficacy • Our perception that with collaborative effort out group will obtain its desired outcome. – How confident are you in your group to get things accomplished? Socio-Cognitive Theory Personal Control • Personal Control – the extent to which people perceive control over their environment rather than feeling helpless. – Two ways to study personal control • Correlate people’s feelings of control with their behaviors & achievements • Experiment by raising & lowering people’s sense of control & noting the effects Personal Control People who feel helpless & oppressed often perceive control as external & may develop • Learned helplessness or passive resignation … they give up easily. Personal Control • Tyranny of Choice- Too many choices actually makes up unhappy – Too much choice brings information overload & a greater likelihood that we will feel regret over some the unchosen options – Excess of freedoms contributing to a decreasing life satisfaction, increased depression & sometimes paralysis Personal Control Attribution Theory Optimism Vs. Pessimism Attribution Theory and the Principle of Locus of Control - Free Educational Psychology Video • Optimism & Health - More healthy • Excessive Optimism Natural Positive Thinking Bias can blind us to real risks Realistic Anxiety over possible future failures moves us to work harder to avoid the negative fate Illusory Optimism – most people underestimate THEIR Risky behaviors • Blindness to One’s Own Incompetence most overconfident when we are the most incompetent • Positive psychology Type A & Type B • Type A: constant sense of urgency, higher stress, competitive, need for control and organization More prone to anger. • Type B: easy going, lower stress, and works steadily. Less prone to anger